Renal medullary heat clearance was investigated in anesthetized dogs to evaluate countercurrent exchange of heat. Sudden changes in the temperature of renal arterial blood were induced by infusion of 3 to 7 ml/min of saline at room temperature. The resulting changes in medullary temperature, measured with fine thermocouples, started with increasing delay from cortex towards the papilla. Average...

A mathematical model for thermal explosion in a combustible dusty gas containing fuel droplets with general Arrhenius reaction-rate laws, convective and radiative heat losses, and interphase heat exchange between gas and inert solid particles is investigated. The objective of the study is to examine the effects of interphase heat exchange between the gas and solid particles on i ignition of rea...

In the Thernal Engineering Division of the Technical University of Szczecin research has been carried oat for yesr3 on saturated diving. Аs part of this research, the problem of heat exchange during forced flow under hyperbaric conditions has been taken up. Research work concentrated on heat exchange during forced air flow through a duct of toroidal cross-section. Research included the flow of ...

We assessed the roles of the pulmonary and bronchial circulations as potential heat sources to the pulmonary airways during respiratory heat loss, by observing the changes in airstream temperature that accompanied temporary occlusion of the pulmonary or bronchial circulations. Baseline end-expiratory and end-inspiratory airstream temperatures were 35.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SEM) and 30.9 +/- 0.3 d...

COSY proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure the exchange rates of amide protons of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in the pressure-assisted cold-denatured state and in the heat-denatured state. After dissolving lysozyme in deuterium oxide buffer, labile protons exchange for deuterons in such a way that exposed protons are substituted rapidly, whereas "protected" protons within stru...

In this paper the thermal behavior of the shell-side flow of a shell-and-tufe heat exchanger has been studied using theoretical and experimental methods. The experimental method Provided the effect of the major parameters of the shell-side flow on thermal energy exchange. In the numerical method, besides the effect of the major paramerers, the effect of different geometric parameters and Re on ...

The heat exchange station of central heating system has been increasingly widely used as the intermediate hub connecting the heat source and heat users. If the specific temperature control requirements are not satisfied effectively and specifically, the security and stability of the primary network and quality of the secondary network will be affected directly. A temperature control scheme of t...

A physical model was used in a laboratory exercise to teach students about countercurrent exchange mechanisms. Countercurrent exchange is the transport of heat or chemicals between fluids moving in opposite directions separated by a permeable barrier (such as blood within adjacent blood vessels flowing in opposite directions). Greater exchange of heat or chemicals between the fluids occurs when...