Background: Spasticity is a common motor impairment in patients with stroke that not only has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life but also has high economic burdens for society. Recently the application of shock wave therapy has attracted considerable attention as a safe and effective method in treatment of spasticity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the eff...

This research is focused on the development of a microstructural model for phase transformation kinetics in shockwaves. It is assumed that the Hugoniot state lies in the region of metastability around an equilibrium solid-solidphase boundary, hence this model applies to transformations occurring through nucleation and growth. The modelaccounts for both homogeneous (thermally dri...

We have obtained new shock-wave equation of state (EOS) and release adiabat data for rhyolite. These data are combined with those of Swegle (1989, 1990) to give an experimental Hugoniot which is described by Us=2.53(±0.08)+3.393(±0.37)up for up<0.48 km s−1 , Us=3.85(±0.05)+0.65(±0.03)up for 0.48≤up<2.29 km s−1 , Us=1.52(±0.08)+1.67(±0.02)up for 2.29≤up<4.37 km s−1 , and Us=3.40(±034)+ 1.24(±0.0...

The generalized coupled thermo-viscoelasticity of hollow sphere subjected to thermal symmetric shock load is presented in this paper. To overcome the infinite speed of thermal wave propagation, the Lord-Shulman theory is considered. Two coupled equations, namely, the radial equation of motion and the energy equation of a hollow sphere are obtained in dimensionless form. Resulting equations are ...

Among the various blast load equations, the Kingery-Bulmash equation is applicable to both a free-air burst and a surface burst that enables calculations of the parameters of a pressure-time history curve. On the other hand, this equation is quite complicated. This paper proposes a modified equation that may replace the conventional Kingery-Bulmash equation. The proposed modified equation, whic...

The motion and structure of shock and expansion waves in a simple particle system, a lattice gas and cellular automaton, are determined in an exact computation. Shock wave solutions, also exact, of a continuum description, a model Boltzmann equation, are compared with the lattice results. The comparison demonstrates that, as proved by Caprino et al. “A derivation of the Broadwell equation,” Com...

We are studying the problem of a stationary supersonic flow of an inviscid non-heat-conducting gas in thermodynamical equilibrium onto a planar infinite wedge. It is known that theoretically this problem has two solutions: the solution with a strong shock wave (when the velocity behind the front of the shock wave is subsonic) and the solution with a weak shock wave (when, generally speaking, th...

The work of this paper is aimed to investigate the parameters that affect the performance of a short-duration hypersonic test facility that build at the Universiti Tenaga Nasional “UNITEN” in Malaysia. The facility has been designed, constructed, and commissioned for different values of diaphragm pressure ratios and different gas combinations. The applications and reasoning behind building such...