whereas in electrical discharge machining (edm) the heat flux entering the workpiece is extremely high, the fourier heat conduction model may fails. this article reports on determination of temperature distribution in the workpiece due to edm using non-fourier heat conduction model. equations are solved by deriving the numerical solution. the temperature layers and profiles of sample calculatio...

in this experiment six healthy adult dairy jersey cattles and eight calves (aged 4-6 months) were selected to measure temperature of different body skin sites, rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates during summer and winter. body sites maximum and minimum temperature in calves during summer belonged to the ear, forehead, right flank, abdomen (38.4-38.9 ˚c) and carpus (32 ˚c). this was ...

the objectives in the cold rolling process include improved sheet surface quality, enhanced steel mechanical strength, and better solidification operations. given the increasing demand for higher steel surface quality, more rapid production, and thinner steel plates, more attention has been directed toward the parameter of temperature in cold rolling as a means of achieving the above objectives...

In high-voltage electron beam lithography, most of the beam energy is released as heat and accumulates in the local area of writing. Excessive heat causes changes in resist sensitivity, which in turn causes significant critical dimension (CD) variation. Previous methods for reducing CD distortion caused by resist heating include usage of lower beam currents, increased delays between electron fl...

Unsaturated polyester and epoxy vinyl ester resins have broad utility in composite applications. Today’s commercially available premium thermal performance vinyl ester resins are derived from novolac epoxies and methacrylic acid. These products combine low viscosity with shelf stable, yet fast curing properties, and enable fabricators to manufacture composite parts with rapid throughput for dem...

background: pastry occupation is one of occupations to exposure with heat and significant number of workers works at it. this study is aimed to heat stress and heat strain score index assessment in the pastry workers of isfahan.   methods: this cross sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 360 pastry workers between 10 and 14 hours in the summer of 2012. wbgt index was used for determi...

the environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem) is a new development in the field of electron microscopy. in this study esem has been used to study the structure of veal semimembranosus muscle. four treatments, raw (control), conventional heating, domestic and industrial microwave heating, were observed using esem. the temperature used in conventional heating was 163 0c. frequency app...

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE), magnetization, specific heat, and magnetostriction measurements were performed in both pulsed steady high magnetic fields to investigate the magnetocaloric properties of Heusler alloys Ni50-xCoxMn31.5Ga18.5 (x = 9 9.7). From direct MCE for Ni41Co9Mn31.5Ga18.5 up 56 T, a steep temperature drop was observed magnetic-field-induced martensitic transformation (MFIMT), de...

it has been hypothesized that the survival, development, fecundity and population of insects are affected significantly by high temperatures. the diamondback moth, plutella xylostell (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae), is a serious and economically important pest of cruciferous crops throughout the word. in this research, the adult longevity and fecundity of p. xylostella were studied in laborator...

Dimensional distortion occurs due to the thermal and transformation stresses formed during the heat treatment processes. Taguchi and Factorial design of experiment concepts were applied to optimize the operating variables involved in the gas carburising and induction hardening processes so as to minimize the geometrical distortions. Experimental data obtained for the materials EN353, EN351, AIS...