The key argument of this commentary is that patient choice has a broader meaning than suggested by consumerist choice models. In increasingly marketized health care systems with diversified and knowledge-based service arrangements, patients are continuously obliged to choose insurers, physicians or hospitals and treatments—whether they like it or not. However, health care users refer to a wide ...

introduction: purchasing scientific journals take a large amount of university library budget. so choosing journals with a scientific validity that response to universities needs is so important. this article aims to have a survey on usage rate of isfahan university of medical sciences users on public, environmental and occupational health journals to confirm core journals via bradford scatteri...

A major deficiency in state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is the lack of robustness in additive and convolutional noise. The model of auditory perception (PEMO), developed by Dau et al. (1996a) for psychoacoustical purposes, partly overcomes these difficulties when used as a front end for automatic speech recognition. To further improve the performance of this auditory-b...

In this section, we briefly present the formalism we use. This formalism aims at describing the state of a system and its dynamic behaviour in an algebraic framework [DG 94]. It was first introduced in a case study on a formal specification of the embedded safety part of an automatic subway pilot [DM 91], [Dau 92], [DGM 93], in order to cope with the large number of variables whose values made ...

conclusions there is a need to train health staff, and the community, concerning preventive measures, treatment, and reducing harm for substance drug users. results among 402 idus patients, a large amount of them were male, single, and younger than 39 years. regarding psychotic and somatic symptoms caused by methadone therapy, most of the participants had no problem with methadone maintenance t...