given the importance of intellect in inference, especially in new issues, it is befitting to study the jurists’ works, such as examining the jurisprudential mode of life (sīra) of fayḍ kāshānī as an influential jurist in the evolution of jurisprudence in proving the above issue. to this end, his various books have been examined on the basis of content analysis method and every one of his legal ...

Great expectations are connected with application of indirect fetal electrocardiography (FECG), especially for home telemonitoring of pregnancy. Evaluation of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability, when determined from FECG, uses the same criteria as for FHR signal acquired classically-through ultrasound Doppler method (US). Therefore, the equivalence of those two methods has to be confirmed, both...

We discuss the indirect multiple shooting approach for the solution of PDE-based parabolic optimal control problems with control constraints. The method is formulated within an abstract function space setting and uses a space-time Galerkin finite element discretization. The emphasis is on the embedding of indirect multiple shooting into the optimal control framework as well as the detailed desc...

Following terminology used in adaptive control , we distinguish between indirect learning methods, which learn explicit models of the dynamic structure of the system to be controlled , and direct learning methods, which do not. We compare an existing indirect method, which uses a conventional dynamic programming algorithm, with a closely related direct reinforcement learning method by applying ...

There is ample evidence that the use of safety behaviour can interfere with the progress of therapy, particularly if exposure is involved. As a result, it is widely asserted that safety behaviour is anti-therapeutic. However, an unqualified rejection of safety behaviour should be reconsidered because we now have theoretical justification, experimental evidence and clinical observations showing ...

Since the development of monoclonal antibodies twenty-five years ago, researchers and biotech companies have been looking to develop therapeutic uses for them. Michael Gross looks at some of the latest efforts.