arbitrator is a private judge. he accepts a judicial function by a contract. all legal systems (common and civil law) have been recognized this contract and the arbitrator’s judicial function. leave or violation of duties by the arbitrator can be followed by the different sanctions including civil, criminal and disciplinary, but the common law and civil law start from the opposite directions to...

Obviously, removing the supernatural from the Bible touches the foundation facts of the Christian faith: the incarnation and. resurrection of Christ. And it is interesting to observe that even scholars who engage in the demythologizing ‘process take issue with one another over their treatment of these, crucial matters. Yet the dilemma seems to be that if one does not retain the incarnation and ...

is the language of religion the same as the common language? various doctrines have been presented. meanwhile، wittgenstein offered two different doctrines in two different time periods. during the first period، he accepts the theory of common and visual language. but during the second period، he criticized his previous doctrine and offered the doctrine of “language games”، which means language...

1. Introduction What is true and what is not depends upon how the world is: that there are no white ravens is true because there are no white ravens. That much, Trenton Merricks accepts. But he denies that principles about truthmaking can do any heavy lifting in metaphysics, and he provides powerful, sophisticated arguments for this denial. The hunt for individual truthmakers for specific truth...

Is there a notion of contradiction—let us call it, for dramatic effect, “absolute”— making all contradictions, so understood, unacceptable also for dialetheists? It is argued in this paper that there is, and that spelling it out brings some theoretical benefits. First it gives us a foothold on undisputed ground in the methodologically difficult debate on dialetheism. Second, we can use it to ex...