OBJECTIVE To investigate whether vaccination against hepatitis B (HB) increases the risk of incident multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood in the short and long terms. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Population-based study conducted in France from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2003. PARTICIPANTS The case patients had incident MS with onset before age 16 years. Each case was individua...

BACKGROUND Hemodialysis patient are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although preventive vaccination is done routinely, the response to vaccination is low in this patient population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Levamizol, an enhancer of the immune responsiveness, on different routes of vaccination, i.e., intradermal (i.d.) versus intramuscular (i.m.), ...

BACKGROUND Over recent decades, the Region of the Americas has made significant progress towards hepatitis B elimination. We summarize the countries/territories' efforts in introducing and implementing hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and in evaluating its impact on HB virus seroprevalence. METHODS We collected information about HB vaccination schedules, coverage estimates, and year of vaccine in...

As part of a vaccination program which included about 30,000 children, 1,036 children were actively followed up to assess the reactogenicity of a combined DTPw-HB vaccine (Tritanrix-HB) under routine conditions. Vaccinations were given in accordance with the WHO schedule at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Over 98% of the study population completed the course of 3 vaccinations. Local and systemic re...

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B (HB) may progress to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Its prevalence is estimated at 3.2 % in hemodialysis (HD) patients. HB vaccine when applied intramuscularly (IM) in end-stage renal disease patients often does not induce appropriate antibody titers. However, there has been suggestion for intradermal (ID) to be a more effective inoculation method. OBJECTIVE To compar...

 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is a major public health problem throught the world.The WHO strategy for effective control of HBV infection is vaccination with the surface antigen of virus(HBsAg).The results obtained from a large number of studies demonstrated that the vaccine induces a protective antibody resonse (anti-HB...

Background Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is a recommended procedure in all dialysis patients, but its efficacy has not been perfect. In the current study, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to find and pool data of the randomized trials evaluating the impact of serum albumin levels on the immunogenicity of HB vaccination in dialysis patients. Methods Literature search...

Hepatitis B infection is an upcoming health problem in Malaysia. HB vaccine coverage of infants in Malaysia was implemented by the Malaysian government in 1989. However, there is no compulsory vaccination programme for adults for HB vaccination. Currently, they have to protect themselves with a self-paid HB vaccination. The determinant of willingness to pay for HB vaccination is important to ex...