This paper documents that managers having large private benefits of control tend to purchase more insurance to reduce their exposure to the firm's unsystematic risk. Private benefits of control are estimated as the difference between the price of the stock and an equivalent synthetic stock (constructed with options). Our empirical analysis controls for the simultaneity between the choice of the...

The object of the current research is insurance intellectual property in light its very essence and overall frame which it exists develops worldwide. There are two problematic issues on this topic, from various other problems, with less importance but still existing, arise. first thorough aspect lack unified rules for insurance. This one side coin. On hand coin apparent fear companies to commit...

although the right for intellectual property as a branch of legal sciences is absolutely recognized in the world, there is dispute among jurists and lawyers with regard to even some of its primary problems, such as sale of such properties in our country. surveying some conditions of sale contract which seem controversial at a glance, such as necessity of object of sale being subjective, and exp...

Four meanings of medical necessity have emerged, evolved, and dominated past and current health policy debates about the appropriate level of service coverage under Canada's health insurance program. To explore the shift in definition, provincial government and national health care association position papers responding to federal legislative and policy reviews of Canada's health insurance prog...

the law of prohibition of unfair competition prohibits any deed or action which is against the normal competition in the market. before emergence of special laws for protection of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, such right could be protected either by tort law claims or law of unfair competition. however, the law of prohibition of unfair competition covers a wider area than ...