Most turfgrass managers do not have a strong understanding of turfgrass soils, particularly the biological aspects. Certainly most know that living things, such as worms and insects can reside in soil, but they’re not sure where in the soil they live or what they live on. In fact, it might be safe to assume that most turfgrass managers consider soil to be a mysterious world below the turfgrass ...

n their continuing battle with more I than 10,000 insect pest species, scient ists and growers in the United S ta tes achieved some striking successes against many pests, mainly with broad-spectrum insecticides. Unfortunately, those pesticides have had detrimental side effects: Pest insects developed resistance to formerly lethal materials; natural enemies of pests were destroyed; previously in...

Each year billions of dollars are spent worldwide on insect control in agriculture [1]. Despite this expenditure, up to 40% of a crop can be lost to insect damage, particularly in developing countries [2]. Some of the most damaging insect species belong to the Lepidoptera, the second largest insect order comprised of moths and butterflies. The larval stage of moths cause major damage to an arra...

Facilitation insectivorous birds life which is among the significant predators of insects in the forest is extremely important in terms of maintaining an intact natural ecosystem, biological variety and biological fight against over-reproducing harmful insects. The aim of our study is to conduct a preliminary search of insectivorous birds living in the research forest. Observation and field stu...

Pavela R. (2016): History, presence and perspective of using plant extracts as commercial botanical insecticides and farm products for protection against insects – a review. Plant Protect. Sci., 52: 229–241. Botanical insecticides keep attracting more attention from environmental and small farmers worldwide as they are considered as a suitable alternative to synthetic insecticides. The use of s...

The manipulation of oxygen to trigger the stimulatory response known as hormesis is an area interest in insects that was born almost fifty years ago. Varying low-oxygen treatments have been investigated many times since with differing responses found; some hormetic/some harmful. In this review, we summarize recent advancements a focus on severe hypoxia and anoxia. These two fall below critical ...

Pollination is the mechanical transfer of male pollen of a flower on the female stigma.This process has a fundamental role to survive the plants species.Since this process is invisible ,its importance has been ignored.Insufficient pollination can be harmful for the farmer instead of being useful.Pollination can be done via some ways.The most important ways are done by insects and wind.Pistachio...

Temperate fruit crops are an important economic activity for growers in southern Brazil. However, several pest species are associated to apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) crops in Brazil. Pesticides are largely used to control them and one way to change this is to combine selective pesticides and predator insects. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of the abamectin, carbaryl, fe...

Forests tend to disappear for various reasons. Insects have problems such as very high reproduction and spread rates, unpredictable distribution directions, inability intervene quickly in the fight against insects. For this reason, harmful insects are at beginning of many factors that cause forest loss. study, Bursa-İnegöl Tahtaköprü location, which was affected by red-tailed beech caterpillar ...