According to the ‘masking hypothesis’, diploids gain an immediate fitness advantage over haploids because diploids, with two copies of every gene, are better able to survive the effects of deleterious recessive mutations. Masking in diploids is, however, a double-edged sword: it allows mutations to persist over time. In contrast, deleterious mutations are revealed in haploid individuals and are...

Doubled haploid (DH) technology is a powerful tool in plant breeding to reduce the time and costs needed to produce pure lines, the cornerstone of hybrid seed production. This biotechnological alternative to classic methods allows for a reduction of the typical 7–8 inbreeding generations needed to fix a hybrid genotype to only one in vitro generation. It is therefore much faster and cheaper, be...

In this paper the study of diploidy is introduced like an important mechanism for memory reinforcement in arti cial environments where adaptation is very important For this study it has been simulated an ecosystem of birds The individuals of this ecosystem are able to geneti cally learn the best behaviour for survival Critical changes happening in the environmental conditions require the presen...

The parasitic flagellate Trypanosoma brucei undergoes a series of morphologic and metabolic changes during its passage in the digestive organs of its insect vector, a Glossina or tsetse fly. This morphogenesis ends by the differentiation, in the salivary gland of the fly, of the metacyclic form, which will be transmitted in the bloodstream of the mammalian host. On the basis of DNA microfluorom...

Although intensive chemotherapy has improved event-free survival for most children with lymphoblastic leukaemia there remain up to 10% who have not benefited from this approach. These include infants, children with Ph1 positive leukaemia, with near-haploidy, and slow remitters in most of whom event free survival remains below 40%. Evaluation of the benefits of Bone Marrow Transplantation in hig...

Wheat crop has a major role in current food system and global security. Beyond doubt, wheat production increased substantially, however, there been increase world’s population also, thereby, leading to supply demand. To fulfil this demand, science today needs more efficient new technologies for breeding with faster pace. Conventional is time consuming as it requires the selfing from F1 generati...