A volatility surface is an important tool for pricing and hedging derivatives. The shows the that implied by market price of option on asset as a function option's strike maturity. Often, data incomplete it necessary to estimate missing points partially observed surfaces. In this paper, we show how variational autoencoders can be used task. first step derive latent variables construct synthetic...

In this brief paper, we study the value function in maximum hands-off control. Maximum hands-off control, also known as sparse control, is the L-optimal control among the admissible controls. Although the L measure is discontinuous and nonconvex, we prove that the value function, or the minimum L norm of the control, is a continuous and strictly convex function of the initial state in the reach...

BACKGROUND Midwives are reported to have changed from 'hands on' to 'hands poised or off' approaches to birth at the same time as obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are increasing. As perineal management details are not routinely collected, it is difficult to quantify practice. AIMS To determine which perineal protections techniques midwives prefer for low-risk non-water births; whethe...

Background A reduction in hands-off time during resuscitation leads to increased survival. We have previously shown that hands-off time can be reduced using our alternative cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) algorithm SOWS (Stop Only While Shocking), but only in small and limited simulations. We designed the present study to compare SOWS to the current European Resuscitation Council (ERC) 201...