Beginning in an era when female scientists were a lonely minority, women have made major contributions to our understanding of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) as a pathogen, its treatment and its prevention. The individual scientific and public health contributions, and their collective impact, are reviewed in the context of the development and successful implementation of highly efficaciou...

The effect of inosine on the development of competence is dependent upon the time at which it is added to the competence medium. Competence is inhibited if inosine is added within 15 min after the development begins, but is stimulated if the addition is made at later times. Protein synthesis is stimulated by the addition of inosine, but the effect is quantitatively similar regardless of the tim...

Various microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Chlamydia spp, and Mycoplasma pneumonia can cause ARI. The ginger flower which contains various phytochemicals that have potential anti-microbial. Recent study was aimed to explore the anti-microbial properties of extract. This experimental in vitro with disc diffusion method. ethanol extract Ginger flowers obtained ...

Until 1950 the differentiation of the KochWeeks bacillus and Haemophilus influenzae had not been well defined and their identity as separate species or single species has been controversial. However the results reported by Pittman and Davis (1950) showed that the Koch-Weeks bacillus, Haemophilus aegyptius, is a distinct species that can be separated from H. influenzae by serological means and, ...

The ability of certain viruses, notably influenza, to agglutinate red blood cells has led to a very useful immunological technique. Certain bacteria also have been reported to possess this capacity by Kraus and Ludwig (1902), Pearce and Winne (1904), Guyot (1908), and Fukuhara (1909). More recently Keogh et al. (1947, 1948) have shown that Hemophilus pertussis, Hemophilus parapertussis, and Hem...

Continued Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) carriage in rural Alaska contributes to the ongoing risk of invasive disease. Community-wide Hib carriage surveys were conducted in three villages in southwestern Alaska. Sixteen carriers and 32 age- and village-matched controls were enrolled and were vaccinated with Hib oligosaccharide-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concen...

The first understanding of the viral/bacterial co-infection contribution to disease exacerbation came from studying the role of bacterial secondary infections during influenza pandemics. In the case of influenza virus, secondary infection has been substantially documented as ranging from 2% to 65% during a given epidemic [1]. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is divided into two distinct genotypes, type I and type II, based on the structure of capsular polysaccharides. The capsulation locus of Haemophilus influenzae type b consists of three functionally distinct regions, designated regions 1 to 3. Region III contains hcsA and hcsB genes; however, notable sequence variation in this region c...

The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease has declined significantly in countries with routine infant Hib immunization. Accordingly, infections caused by other H. influenzae serotypes or by encapsulated H. influenzae strains are of growing interest. H. influenzae serotype e (Hie) is a rare cause of infection. Invasive Hie infections reported in adults are generally i...