Cytopathic coronaviruses were isolated in HRT-18 cells from bloody faecal samples collected from cows in Québec dairy herds having experienced typical outbreaks of winter dysentery (WD). The formation of polykaryons in the infected cell cultures was found to be dependent on the presence of trypsin in the medium. The WD isolates differed from the prototype Mebus strain of bovine enteropathogenic...

BACKGROUND The serological diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) can be performed using different methods, yet the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is considered the 'gold standard' for AI antibody subtyping. Although alternative diagnostic assays have been developed, in most cases, their accuracy has been evaluated in comparison with HI test results, whose performance for poultry has not bee...

The present study was designed to investigate effects of Lisovit (Biomin, Austria) on the immune system of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 270 (day-old) broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C of 90 birds each. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (ND) on day 3 (intraocular) and day 18 (drinking water) of age and against Infectious Bursal Disease (IB...

In the present study we collected 177 serum samples from ostriches (Struthio camelus) infected experimentally with A/ostrich/South Africa/Middleton/2004 (H5N2) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We tested these samples using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, the agar gel immunodiffusion test and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We considered the HI test, with homolo...

During surveillance of the swine population in Israel a haemagglutinating agent was isolated and identified as a paramyxovirus (PMV). Serological studies based on haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition (HI and NI) tests displayed a close antigenic relationship between the isolate and the prototype strain of a variety of the avian PMV serotype 3 (PMV-3). However, comprehensive HI and NI ...

background and aims: influenza vaccination is one of the best way to prevent and control influenza worldwide. it is manufactured by who-licensed companies based on the who expertise committee annually. the aim of this study was partial quality control of the commercial human influenza vaccine 2008-9 and its matching with the circulating strains. materials and methods: the trivalent imported vac...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for quantifying cytomegalovirus (CMV) and rubella antibodies using a single serum dilution (1/800) in conjunction with a standard curve. A near linear relation was found between the logarithms of absorbance values of sera at a dilution of 1/800 and the titres as determined by an end point dilution ELISA. The reproducibility of the single...

Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) titers as well as haemagglutinin (HA) specific antibody responses were examined in 50 healthy adults aged between 22 and 69 y old after two intranasal administrations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine derived from A/Victoria/210/2009 virus (45 μg HA per dose) at 3 week intervals. Serum HI titers after two-doses of the nasal vaccine s...

Our understanding of the antigenic evolution of the human influenza virus is chiefly derived from experiments in which serum from influenza infected ferrets is tested against panels of virus isolates in the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The interpretation of these results has been much aided by the development of antigenic mapping techniques, which suppose that the antigenic distance...

A two-graph Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was done to determine the optimal cut-off value of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Wesselsbron disease (WSL) virus. When ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) results of WSL-positive and WSL-negative control sheep sera were compared, the sensitivity of ELISA was 97.9% and that of HI...