Background & Aims: The H9N2 avian influenza subtype is endemic in many parts of Iran and has the ability to transmit from bird to human. In the present study, the risk of this subtype for humans was assessed by determination of the viral titer and shedding time in bird. Method: The experiment was done on fifteen male budgerigars at 4 months of age. The birds w...

Background & Aims: The H9N2 avian influenza subtype is endemic in many parts of Iran and has the ability to transmit from bird to human. In the present study, the risk of this subtype for humans was assessed by determination of the viral titer and shedding time in bird. Method: The experiment was done on fifteen male budgerigars at 4 months of age. The birds were inoculated intranasally with al...

Avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. The presence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in chickens in Iran has not been previously reported. An avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in July 1998. Three AIV isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

We describe the identification and characterization of the H9N2 influenza subtype reported in Egyptian broiler and broiler breeder farms for the first time. Circulation of this subtype in a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus endemic population provides an opportunity for genetic reassortment and emergence of novel viruses.

H9N2 influenza A viruses have become established worldwide in terrestrial poultry and wild birds, and are occasionally transmitted to mammals including humans and pigs. To comprehensively elucidate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of H9N2 influenza viruses, we performed a large-scale sequence analysis of 571 viral genomes from the NCBI Influenza Virus Resource Database, representing...

background: the h9n2 subtype of avian influenzaviruses (aivs) has been isolated in multiple avian species inmany european, asian, african and american countries. sincethe first outbreak of h9n2 virus in iran in 1998, this virus haswidely circulated throughout the country, resulting in majoreconomic losses in chicken flocks. several amino acids in thevirus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex includi...

sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of hemagglutinin (ha) gene of h9n2 subtype of avian influenza virus isolates (outbreaks of 1998-2002) in tehran province (iran) were studied. two sets of forward and reverse primers in highly conserved regions, based on sequences of ha gene in genbank, were designed. pcr products of a 430-bp fragment of 16 isolates were sequenced and then were aligned wi...

avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. the presence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in chickens in iran has not been previously reported. an avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in july 1998. three aiv isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. At p...

BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES Classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, the H9N2 subtype causes severe respiratory disease in poultry farms and occasional respiratory disease in humans. In this study, the neuraminidase (NA) gene of three Avian Influenza (AI) H9N2 strains isolated from poultry farms in Iran during 2010-11, as well as other reported Iranian H9N2 isolates, were gen...