Article history: Received 4 March 2014 Received in revised form 12 August 2014 Accepted 12 August 2014 Available online 23 August 2014 Budget deficit has been a commonfiscal pressure facing Chinese cities since the 1994fiscal reform. Meanwhile, land lease sales have become a significant off-budgetary revenue to local governments since 2003. This paper investigateswhetherfinancing budget deficit...

A large body of literature has arisen in economics and political science analyzing the apparent “resource curse”—the tendency of countries with high levels of natural resources to exhibit worse economic and political outcomes. The author examines the purported causal mechanisms underlying this “curse” and shows that they all center on the revenue that these resources generate for the government...

During the past 10 years Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has emerged as one of the most important causes of food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In Finland, with a population of 5.1 million, however, only four STEC O157:H7 infections were identified from 1990 through 1995; the occurrence of non-O157 STEC infections was unknown. In 1996, we established a national pros...

Grafting techniques are being used to improve economically important horticultural crops including Cucumis melo L. This 2-year study was carried out at Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. aimed evaluate the effects of grafting using different rootstocks on plant, fruit and seed quality in cantaloupe melons. The double haploid (DH) female (H27) male (H4) parental lines Solmaz F1 (Cucumis var. ca...

The adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to the small bowel mucosa is an important step in the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases. It has been shown that many EPEC strains adhere to HEp-2 and especially HeLa cells in characteristic patterns termed localized adherence (LA) and diffuse adherence (DA). A plasmid-derived DNA fragment encoding a factor specific for LA hybridized onl...