Gynecomastia is the breast enlargement in males, due to increased glandular proliferation. This is very common condition and mostly physiological in neonates, pubertal boys and elderly persons. Some cases are pathologic and secondary to drugs, chronic liver and kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. Majority are asymptomatic and do not need treatment. If treatment is needed, it should be tailored a...

Gynecomastia is the breast enlargement in males, due to increased glandular proliferation. This is very common condition and mostly physiological in neonates, pubertal boys and elderly persons. Some cases are pathologic and secondary to drugs, chronic liver and kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. Majority are asymptomatic and do not need treatment. If treatment is needed, it should be tailored a...

Background Reports show that 1.8–8.4% of male patients receiving efavirenz (EFV) develop gynecomastia by unclear multiple mechanisms, one of them being a direct binding to estrogen receptors. However, EFV can independently cause gynecomastia by increasing prolactin levels and we postulate that this mechanism is a dopaminemediated one. Dopamine is a strong prolactin inhibitor. Conversely, a lack...

Gynecomastia, or excessive male breast development, has an incidence of 32 to 65 percent in the male population. This condition has important physical and psychological impacts. Advances in elucidating the pathophysiology of gynecomastia have been made, though understanding remains limited. Recommendations for evaluation and workup have varied and are often arbitrary. A diagnostic algorithm is ...

Abstract Background Nerve block reduces anesthetics requirement, allows faster recovery, and postoperative pain. The modified pectoral plane (PECS II) the erector spinae (ESP) have been proposed for nerve in men undergoing breast surgery gynecomastia. This study aimed to compare efficacy of PECS II ESP perioperative analgesia surgical treatment We conducted a randomized clinical trial on 46 mal...

Basal leveis of prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E,) were studied in 10 adolescents with gynecomastia who were ar stages 11 ro IV of rheir sexual developmenr. In 7 of the 10 patients, the hypophyseal response of PRL ro the administracion of sulpiride was assessed: 5 of rhe 7 received 25 mg i.m., and the remaining 50 rng. i.m. The 10 cases were compared wirh 12 control boys wirhour gynecomastia rn...

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast caused by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. Determining the various causes of gynecomastia such as physiological causes, drugs, systemic diseases, and endocrine disorders is important. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare endocrine disorder presenting with gynecomastia and is a disorder of male sexual differentiation...

BACKGROUND Gynecomastia is treated when it is painful, there are psychosocial repercussions or it does not revert in less than two years. It is treated with the antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen, but there are doubts about its effectiveness in high volume gynecomastias or in those lasting more than two years. AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of tamoxifen for gynecomastia and the influen...