Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the use of alternative flame retardants in consumer products to comply with flammability standards. In contrast to PBDEs, information on the occurrence and fate of these alternative compounds in the environment is limited, particularly in the United States. In this study, a survey of flame retardants in San Franc...

The plant growth retardant Phosfon inhibits cholesterol formation by cell·free preparations of normal liver and the Morris hepatomas 5123C, 7794A, and 9618A. In addition, both Phosfon and Amo 1618 arc active in inhibiting cholesterol synthesis from acetate and mevalonate in slices of host liver and the hepatomas. Fatty acid synthesis from acetate was also reduced in the presence of the retardants.

Plant growth retardants Alar (dimethylhydrazide of succinic acid) and its structural analogue MEIA (β-monomethyl ester of itaconic acid) at a concentration 2000mg/l sprayed at the fourth true leaf stage of tobacco seedlings caused identical retardation in stem growth from the second till the tenth day after treatment. Soluble peroxidase activity in stems of the treated plants increased on the s...

Mechanisms for flame retardation are reviewed and general principles developed. Approaches for utilizing flame retardants in various systems are discussed. Structure and flammability relationships are developed. Recent developments in flame retardants are presented. Market forecasts and directions are reviewed.