BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have a lifetime breast cancer risk of 40% to 80%, suggesting the presence of risk modifiers. We previously identified significant associations in genetic variants in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. Here, we investigate additional IGF signaling genes as risk modifiers for breast cancer development in BRCA carriers. METHODS A ...

Methionine-dependence phenotype (MDP) refers to the reduced ability of cells to proliferate when methionine is restricted and/or replaced by its immediate precursor homocysteine. MDP is a characteristic of human tumors in vivo, human tumor cell lines, and normal somatic tissue in some individuals. It was hypothesized that MDP is a risk factor for developing breast cancer in BRCA (BRCA1 and BRCA...

Meta-analysis has shown a modest improvement in first-year growth response to recombinant human GH (r-hGH) for carriers of the exon 3-deleted GH receptor (GHRd3) polymorphism but with significant interstudy variability. The associations between GHRd3 and growth response to r-hGH over 3 years in relation to severity of GH deficiency (GHD) were investigated in patients from 14 countries. Treatmen...

BACKGROUND The effect of a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene on right ventricular (RV) pressure overload in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is unknown. Therefore, we investigated RV function in patients who have pulmonary arterial hypertension with and without the BMPR2 mutation by combining in vivo measurements with molecular and histological anal...

The results of a study the galvanomagnetic properties indium arsenide grown by liquid-phase epitaxy are presented. It is shown that use rare earth element holmium in growth InAs epitaxial layers makes it possible to reduce electron concentration two orders magnitude n=2.1·10 15 cm -3 at T=77 K. This effect due gettering shallow background impurities with formation their compounds melt. With an ...

background: ghezel sheep are highly prolific and one of the local sheep breeds in iran and turkey. growth differentiation factor-9 (gdf9) gene has been found to be essential for growth and differentiation of early ovarian follicles. novel mutations in gdf9 have been associated with increased ovulation rates and high litter sizes in heterozygous carriers. therefore, fecundity gene for gdf9 (fecg...

objective(s): according to the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles, nickel metal-organic frameworks (mof) was synthesized successfully by ultrasound irradiation. metal-organic frameworks (mofs) are organic–inorganic hybrid extended networks that are constructed via covalent linkages between metal ions/metal clusters and organic ligands called a linker. materials and methods: the nanopar...

INTRODUCTION Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as one of the useful yeasts which are utilized in baking and other industries. It can be easily cultured at an economic price. Today the introduction of safe and efficient carriers is being considered. Due to its generally round shape, and the volume that is enclosed by its membrane and cell wall, it is used to encapsulate active materials to prote...