Background Currently the responses of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells in natural course human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection haven’t been fully elucidated. Methods The function proinflammatory, regulatory cytotoxic were investigated by direct intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) flow cytometry, additionally, absolute numbers different measured among patient...

objective(s):spinal cord injury (sci) often causes serious and irreversible neurological deficit leading to disability or impairment of normal physical activity. atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine transporter (net) inhibitor has gained much attention in the field of the neurodevelopmental disorder, but its effect on sci has not been evaluated. the present study has been undertaken to inves...

INTRODUCTION Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to influence testis function. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is expressed in the postnatal testis, and has been demonstrated to stimulate testis development. Systemic diseases such as chronic renal failure (CRF) interfere with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which may cause defective steroidogenesis and gonadal funct...

introduction: quality in higher education requires assessment and judgment of goals and strategies, executive policies, operational processes, products and outcomes. the context, input, process, and product (cipp) model is a comprehensive perspective to determine, obtain and prepare. it always tries to provide information in order to make the best decisions related to context, input, process an...

Objective(s): Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating side effect in patients receiving this drug.  Recent studies suggest hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy as a new treatment approach for models of neural injury. The aim of the current study was to determine the protective effects of HBO preconditioning against peripheral neuropathy induced by Cisplati...

Background: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is used in human for intermittent claudication and cerebral vascular disorders including cerebrovascular dementia. It also inhibits the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is believed to be neurotoxic in animal models of cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study was to examine the role of PTX on ischemia/reperfusion injures in rat model of t...

BACKGROUND Outcome expectation (OE) is known as a psychosocial determinant of leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Despite importance of this construct evaluation, there is no evidence of special questionnaire for measuring OE in Persian speaking Iranian male adolescents. OBJECTIVES This article reports development and psychometric evaluation process of a specific questionnaire that evaluat...

unilateral condylar hyperplasia is the main cause of mandibular asymmetry. radionuclide bone scanning is a useful procedure for functional evaluation of temporomandibular joint. in this study, 39 patients with normal bone scan and no facial asymmetry were studied. all patients were below 22 years of age. normal condylar uptake was determined in this group of patients. right & left condylar ...

Objective. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plasma oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and cerebellar accumulation of α-synuclein in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes model in rats. Methods. Twelve rats were included in the study. Diabetes (n = 6) was induced with a single...