This paper develops hedging strategies for an electricity distributor in the Nordic electricity market who manages price and volume risk from fixed price agreements on stochastic electricity load. Whereas the distributor trades in the spot market at area prices, the financial contracts used for hedging are settled against the system price. Both the area price and the system price are correlated...

This study was structured with the aim of knowing effect gross profit, operating profit and net on prediction future cash flows in telecommunications sub-sector companies listed Indonesian stock exchange. research conducted focused Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2019. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Through this method, 5 were obtained that could be as samples a period 6 years. T...

The company's gross profit plays an important role in boosting the Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) which will affect revenue of local governments, known as Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Local governments often need information how profits companies are different within each sector. It is not easy to investigate this matter especially if these observed repeatedly and subsectors nested In study,...

This study aims to determine the impact of covid-19 on profitability at PT. Matahari Department Store, Tbk. Profitability is ratio used measure level profit obtained from sales and investment. concerns are Return Assets (ROA), Equity (ROE), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Operating (OPM) Net (NPM). The data secondary which includes financial reports for 2019 2020. analysis tools analyzing data, this...

This study aims to determine the effect of Current Ratio and Total Asset Turnover on Gross Profit Margin during COVID-19 pandemic. The variables used in this research are Ratio, Margin. was conducted hotels, restaurants tourism sub-sector companies listed IDX April 2020-September 2021. method is quantitative, with an associative approach, measurement scale ratio scale. sampling technique purpos...

Profitability means a company’s ability to earn return on investment through its business activities. It shows how the resources are efficiently utilised achieve goal of earning profits. Profits essential for organisation make dividend payments shareholders as well retain part profits reserves overcome unforeseen circumstances in near future. The attempt is made this study know profitability po...

When asked about the impact of unit manufacturing cost reductions on total gross profit, many managers and academics assume that returns will be diminishing, i.e., that the first dollar of unit cost reduction will generate more incremental gross profit than the last dollar of unit cost savings, consistent with economic intuition about diminishing returns. The present note shows why total profit...

We illustrate two differential oligopoly games using, respectively, the capital accumulation dynamics à la Solow-Nerlove-Arrow, and the capital accumulation dynamics à la Ramsey. In both settings, we evaluate the effects of (gross) profit taxation, proving that there exist tax rates yielding the same steady state social welfare as under social planning. Contrary to the static approach, our dyna...

There are many products which have little or no value in isolation, but if combined with other products or services, they generate more value. The utility that a given user derives from these products depends upon the number of other users who consume the same products. This kind of positive consumption externality is defined as a network externality. Network externalities are pervasive in the ...