Tip-growing pollen tubes provide a useful model system to study polar growth. Although roles for tip-focused calcium gradient and tip-localized Rho-family GTPase in pollen tube growth is established, the existence and function of tip-localized F-actin have been controversial. Using the green fluorescent protein-tagged actin-binding domain of mouse talin, we found a dynamic form of tip-localized...

Early endosomes are transported bidirectionally by cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-3, but how the movements are regulated in vivo remains unclear. Here our forward genetic study led to the discovery of VezA, a vezatin-like protein in Aspergillus nidulans, as a factor critical for early endosome distribution. Loss of vezA causes an abnormal accumulation of early endosomes at the hyphal tip, where...

Unlike most other cells, hyphae of filamentous fungi permanently elongate and lack nonpolar growth phases. We identified AgBoi1/2p in the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii as a component required to prevent nonpolar growth at hyphal tips. Strains lacking AgBoi1/2p frequently show spherical enlargement at hyphal tips with concomitant depolarization of actin patches and loss of tip-located a...

the cultivars green mignonette and all year which are resistant and susceptible to fusarium wilt, respectively were studied for histopathological aspect during the development of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. 15 days - old seedling was inoculated by root dip method in spore suspension of the pathogen with concentration about 5 x 106 spores/ml. sampling was carried out at different times (...

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has a strong impact on sustainable development due its rising demands for energy and resources needed when building hardware and software products. Most of the efforts spent on Green ICT/IT have been dedicated to addressing the effects of hardware on the environment but little have been considering the effects of building software products as well. Eff...

tip leakage loss introduces major part of losses of the rotor in axial gas turbines. therefore, the rotor blade tip has a considerable effect on rotor efficiency. to understand the flow physics of the rotor tip leakage, we solve the flow field for different tip platforms (passive flow control) and by considering coolant tip injection (active flow control). various blade tip configurations such ...

At signalized intersections, green times should be assigned to satisfy the traffic demand for all approaches. Stage-based signal control is the most common and basic control policy worldwide particularly at Japanese signalized intersections. It is defined as a signal control policy in which compatible traffic movements are grouped to move together in a specific time span within a signal cycle, ...

A new species, Cherax snowden sp. n., from the Oinsok River Drainage, Sawiat District in the central part of the Kepala Burung (Vogelkop) Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, is described, figured and compared with the closest related species, Cherax holthuisi Lukhaup & Pekny, 2006. This species is collected and exported for ornamental purposes and its commercial name in the pet trade is "orange t...