The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Many classes of GFP mutants exist that display modified fluorescence spectra and an increased extinction coefficient. We produced transgenic mouse lines with an 'enhanced' GFP (EGFP) cDNA under the control of a chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer. All of the ...

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and herpes simplex virus type-I thymidine kinase (TK) are commonly used markers in gene transfer studies. The latter gene has also proven to be an effective tool in cancer "suicide" gene therapy. To facilitate rapid and reliable selection of cells expressing TK, we constructed a plasmid expressing a TK-green fluorescent protein fusion gene (TK-GFP). In this fusio...

The zebrafish embryo is especially valuable for cell biological studies because of its optical clarity. In this system, use of an in vivo fluorescent reporter has been limited to green fluorescent protein (GFP). We have examined other fluorescent proteins alone or in conjunction with GFP to investigate their efficacy as markers for multi-labeling purposes in live zebrafish. By injecting plasmid...

Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (CHI-g-PEI) copolymer has been used for theimprovement of low transfection efficiency of chitosan. The present study aims to test thepulmonary toxicity and efficiency of CHI-g-PEI as an aerosol gene carrier. Mice were exposedto aerosol containing green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-polyethylenimine (PEI) or GFP-CHIg-PEI complexes for 30 min during the development of ...

Use of the green fluorescent protein (Gfp) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is a powerful method for nondestructive in situ monitoring, since expression of green fluorescence does not require any substrate addition. To expand the use of Gfp as a reporter protein, new variants have been constructed by the addition of short peptide sequences to the C-terminal end of intact Gfp. This rendered ...

chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (chi-g-pei) copolymer has been used for theimprovement of low transfection efficiency of chitosan. the present study aims to test thepulmonary toxicity and efficiency of chi-g-pei as an aerosol gene carrier. mice were exposedto aerosol containing green-fluorescent protein (gfp)-polyethylenimine (pei) or gfp-chig-pei complexes for 30 min during the development of ...

Fluorescent proteins and dyes are essential tools for the study of protein trafficking, localization and function in cells. While fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) have been extensively used as fusion partners to proteins to track the properties of a protein of interest, recent developments with smaller tags enable new functionalities of proteins to be examined in ce...

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP-like fluorescent proteins owe their photophysical properties to an autocatalytically formed intrinsic chromophore. According to quantum mechanical calculations, the excited state of chromophore model systems has significant dihedral freedom, which may lead to fluorescence quenching intersystem crossing. Molecular dynamics simulations with freely rotating ...

We have generated ‘green’ and ‘red’ BeWo cell lines: the green one constitutively expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) attached to histone H2B (Kimura & Cook, 2001), and the red one the red fluorescent protein tagged to the mitochondrial targeting sequence from subunit VIII of human cytochrome c oxidase (Mit-DsRed; Bevis & Glick, 2002). Our quantitative assay for cell fusion (syncytial...