green space is counted as one of the important bases of each city, especially great cities like tehran. with considering to vast application of urban green aria, the necessity of the managing these sources is felt more day-by-day. for proper managing each source, first the inventory of that source is taken into the consideration. regretfully so far there has been no comprehensive studios patter...

The land cover classes developed under the coordination of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) have been analyzed for a study area that includes the Conterminous United States and portions of Mexico and Canada. The 1-km resolution data have been analyzed to produce a gridded data set that includes within each 20-km grid cell: 1) the three most ...

Green vegetation plays rather important role in urban environment. Recently, re-vegetation in urban residential area is becoming important policy for urban planners from the view point of climate change measures. That is, by maintaining and regenerating green vegetation, both mitigation and adaptation can be achieved. In this regard, establishment of accurate assessment and evaluation methods f...

Spectral reflectance of plant canopies provides an accurate indication of ground cover fraction, which is highly correlated with radiation capture. If nutrients and water do not limit growth, radiation capture is highly correlated with daily growth rate and ultimate yield. However, if nutrients and water limit growth, none of the common spectral indices are able to separate a more developed, st...

Brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd in the world, with cattle ranching being particularly prominent in the 200-million ha, Brazilian neotropical moist savanna biome, known as Cerrado, one of the world’s hotspots for biodiversity conservation. As decreasing productivity is a major concern affecting the Cerrado pasturelands, evaluation of pasture conditions through the determinatio...

The installation of green roofs, defined here as rooftops with a shallow soil cover and extensive vegetation, has been proposed as a possible measure to mitigate the loss of green space caused by the steady growth of cities. However, the effectiveness of green roofs in supporting arthropod communities, and the extent to which they facilitate connectivity of these communities within the urban en...

Various Steganography algorithms have been proposed and implemented for hiding the existence of data in a cover object starting from the algorithms that work in transform domain to the ones that work in spatial domain, such as Least Significant Bit (LSB), which uses the three colours (RED, GREEN and BLUE) present in an image. Three colours are present in the pixel of an image, therefore, this p...

Inland saline wetlands are complex systems undergoing continuous changes in moisture and salinity and are especially vulnerable to human pressures. Remote sensing is helpful to identify vegetation change in semi-arid wetlands and to assess wetland degradation. Remote sensing-based monitoring requires identification of the spectral characteristics of soils and vegetation and their correspondence...

This paper demonstrates a systems framework for assessment of environmental impacts from 'green initiatives', through a case study of meso-scale, anthropogenic-biogenic interactions. The following cross-sectoral green initiatives, combining the emerging trends in the North East region of the United Kingdom, have been considered - increasing the vegetation cover; decarbonising road transport; de...

The goal of this research was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral Hyperion (EO-1) data to derive fractional cover of rangeland components using constrained linear spectral mixture analysis. Hyperion image data were acquired over the Antelope Creek Ranch located in southern Alberta, Canada in July 2005. These image data were first corrected for the sensor artifacts such as spatial mis-...