BACKGROUND The effects of calcium compared with non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality, cardiovascular events and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. METHODS To address this question, we conducted a systematic review. We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL. We identified 160 ...

The small subunit of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1 terminase (G1P) forms a sequence-specific nucleoprotein complex with the SPP1 non-encapsidated end (pacL site) during initiation of DNA encapsidation. Gel mobility shift assay was used to study the G1P-pacL interaction. Distamycin, a minor groove binder that induces local distortion of the DNA, inhibits G1P-pacL complex formation. Th...

While soluble silicate binders have been used effectively for decades in various end uses, recent developments and discoveries may improve and expand the use of silicates. This paper reviews the traditional use and chemistry of sodium silicate binders and also describes how surfactants, viscosity modifiers, lubricants and non-traditional setting agents can provide new characteristics and flexib...

Although hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for mortality, there are limited data on whether therapy with phosphorus binders affects survival. We analyzed a prospective cohort study of 10,044 incident hemodialysis patients using Cox proportional hazards analyses to compare 1-yr all-cause mortality among patients who were or were not treated with phosphorus binders. We performed intention-to-tre...

A variety of logical frameworks support the use of higher-order abstract syntax in representing formal systems; however, each system has its own set of benchmarks. Even worse, general proof assistants that provide special libraries for dealing with binders offer a very limited evaluation of such libraries, and the examples given often do not exercise and stress-test key aspects that arise in th...

Reasoning about syntax with binders plays an essential role in the formalization of the metatheory of programming languages. While the intricacies of binders can be ignored in paper proofs, formalizations involving binders tend to be heavyweight. We present a discipline for syntax with binders based on de Bruijn terms and parallel substitutions, with a decision procedure covering all assumption...

silica refractory bricks are used especially in the metallurgical industries, due to desirableproperties such as particularly their high melting point and their rigidity and strength at hightemperatures. in this research, different amount of sic were added to silica refractory containingdifferent binders such as borax, boric acid, calcium nitride, sodium tri poly phosphate, sodiumhexametaphosph...

The production of cores for the pre-casting holes in castings places high demands on quality molding mixtures used. For this reason, organic binders are still used to a large extent, which, although they meet technological requirements, source pollutant emissions during castings. current trend towards greening is therefore looking suitable alternative ‘green’ inorganic binders. Although many de...

In recent years, many studies have focused on the active materials of anodes to improve the performance of LIBs, while limited attention has been given to polymer binders, which act as inactive ingredients. However, polymer binders have amazing influence on the electrochemical performance of anodes. Herein, to investigate the binding performance between MCMB artificial graphite and the copper c...