BACKGROUND Fish are vulnerable to stress from over-crowding during transportation and eugenol is the most common sedative used to minimize fish injury. The ADI value of 2.5 mg/kg is recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The aim of this work was to study the elimination kinetics of eugenol following exposure of grass carp to a eugenol bath in a simulated transporta...

BACKGROUND Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are crucial effectors of the innate antiviral response against a wide range of viruses, mediated by the type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway. However, the antiviral activity of Mx proteins is diverse and complicated in different species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study, two novel Mx genes (CiMx1 and CiMx3) were identifie...

We investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. They were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed b...

Literature review of reports concerning the parasitic fauna floating cage fishes in Iraq till end 2021 showed that a total 57 parasite species are so far known from three fish investigated for infections throughout country. The included 15 ciliophorans, myxozoans, two trematodes, 28 monogeneans, five cestodes, one nematode, acanthocephalan and crustaceans. common carp Cyprinus carpio was infect...

The cellulose-rich walls that protect plant cells are difficult to digest, and therefore mechanical food processing is a key aspect of herbivory across vertebrates. Cell walls are typically broken down by translation of flattened teeth in the occlusal plane (i.e. grinding) as part of a complex, rhythmic chewing stroke. The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is a voracious, invasive herbivorou...

First posted April 28, 2023 For additional information, contact: Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission AreaU.S. Geological Survey12201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research ProgramContact Pubs Warehouse U.S. Survey (USGS) research has supported management of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp), Mylopharyngodon piceus (black Ctenopharyngodon ...

Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is the largest freshwater aquaculture fish species worldwide. However, its environmental impacts are increasingly controversial. In this paper, we considered production of a 1500 g commercial grass carp as an example, analyzed through life cycle assessment. The results showed that indicators global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential, eutrophica...