Biochar may improve soil hydrology by altering soil porosity, density, hydraulic conductivity, and water-holding capacity. These properties are associated with the grain size distributions of both soil and biochar, and therefore may change as biochar weathers. Here we report how freeze-thaw (F-T) cycling impacts the grain size of pine, mesquite, miscanthus, and sewage waste biochars under two d...

Unlike maize and wheat, where artificial selection is associated with an almost uniform increase in seed or grain size, domesticated rice exhibits dramatic phenotypic diversity for grain size and shape. Here we clone and characterize GS3, an evolutionarily important gene controlling grain size in rice. We show that GS3 is highly expressed in young panicles in both short- and long-grained variet...

microsatellite markers were used to identify informative markers associated with traits lattice shape of pod, belly shape in pod, pod length, pod width, grain number per pod, grain weight, grain weight/pod weight, grain length, grain width, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, pod weight per plant, grain weight per plant in peanut. thirteen ssr primer pairs amplified 80 alleles among 6...

Faceted snow within a natural snowpack often weakens its stability, with depth hoar being a prime example for a persistent weak layer. Traditionally, possible weak layers are detected by hand measurements of snow properties like snow hardness, density, grain size and grain shape. In recent years, several techniques have been developed to determine snow grain size by diffuse reflectance measurem...

pollen grain morphology of 15 taxa of the hedysareae tribe distributed throughout iran was studied using light and electron microscopy to identify major taxonomical characteristics of pollen grains. the pollen grains were tricolpate and tricolporate, prolate and perprolate. the ectocolpi were elongated, shallow or deep, narrowing at the poles. the colpus membrane was covered by large granules. ...

Nanocomposite zinc ferrites were synthesized using glycine-nitrates by sol–gel auto-combustion technique. The influence of calcination temperatures varying from 400 to 900°C on structural and magnetic properties of spinel ZnFe2O4 powders have been investigated. The characterization measurements including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetomet...

Grain shape is a key factor that influences both the appearance quality and grain yield of rice. To clarify the genetic basis of grain shape, an advanced backcross population was developed from the cross of a slender indica variety Jin23B and a round japonica variety QingGuAi, and a total of 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain shape were detected over 2 years. Three QTLs, qGW1, qGS3 and...