Readers are encouraged to write letters to the editor concerning articles that have been published in GASTROENTEROLOGY. Letters that include original, unpublished data will not be considered. Letters should be typewritten and submitted electronically to In 2001 and in 2003, we published 2 studies reporting the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mu-tagen detoxifying UDP glucur...

Troglitazone glucuronidation in human liver and intestine microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were thoroughly characterized. All recombinant UGT isoforms in baculovirus-infected insect cells (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15) exhibited troglitazone glucuronosyltransferase activity. Especially UGT1A8 and UGT1A10, whic...

ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes activate oncogenes, enabling cells have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription that in h...

Glucuronidation mediated by uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase is an important detoxification pathway. However, identifying a selective probe of UDP- glucuronosyltransferase is complicated because of the significant overlapping substrate specificity displayed by the enzyme. In this paper, desacetylcinobufagin (DACB) 3-O- and 16-O-glucuronidation were found to be isoform-specific...

Recombinant adenoviruses are highly efficient at transferring foreign genes in vivo. However, duration of gene expression is limited by the host antiviral immune response which precludes expression upon viral readministration. We tested the feasibility of prolonging gene expression by induction of central tolerance to adenoviral antigens in bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1 (BUGT1)-defici...

A rat kidney phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA was used to isolate a human liver phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA by screening of a human liver cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11. The 2.4-kilobase cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1593 base pairs coding for a protein of 531 residues. The human liver cDNA was subcloned into the vector pKCRH2. Transfection of thi...

Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine is a major metabolite of nicotine in humans and is mainly excreted as O-glucuronide in smoker's urine. Incubation of human liver microsomes with UDP-glucuronic acid produces not only trans-3'-hydroxycotinine O-glucuronide but also N-glucuronide. The formation of N-glucuronide exceeds the formation of O-glucuronide in most human liver microsomes, although N-glucuronide h...