We propose a paintmeter for noncontact and remote monitoring of the thickness and drying progress of a paint film based on the time-of-flight measurement of the echo signal of a terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulse. The proposed method is effectively applied to two-dimensional mapping of the painting thickness distribution for single-layer and multilayer paint films. Furthermore, adequate para...

The wear resistance of denture teeth is important to the longevity of removable prostheses of edentulous patients. The ability of denture teeth to maintain a stable occlusal relationship over time may be influenced by this property. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture teeth based on their chemical composition when oppo...

This paper focuses on Mathematical Modelling of Single Glazed and Double Solar air heater (SAH) which is special kind heat exchanger that transfers thermal energy from the solar radiation to fluid flowing inside collector. The most potential applications SAH supply hot for heating buildings, maintain a comfortable environment especially in winter season, preheating, desiccant refrigeration, dry...

PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro research project was to evaluate and compare the wear behavior of human tooth enamel opposing monolithic zirconia and other different ceramic restorative materials and also to observe the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in zirconia-based ceramics that may occur while simulating wear occurring at room temperature in a wet environment. MATERIAL...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the tensile bond strength of metal brackets bonding to glazed ceramic surfaces using three various surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty two glazed ceramic disks were assigned to three groups. In the first and second groups the specimens were etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HFA). Subsequently in first group, ceramic primer and...

From the beginning of the 16th century onwards, public anatomy demonstrations developed and spread acrossEurope. In 1555,King Philip II granted the AmsterdamGuild of Surgeons the privilege to dissect bodies of executed criminals to teach anatomy. Dissections were held once a year in the winter season as the corpses could be preserved at low temperatures. An anatomical theatre of the 17th centur...

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of different surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to glazed full-zirconia surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glazed zirconia (except for the control, Zirkonzahn Prettau) disc surfaces were pre-treated: PO (control), polishing; BR, bur roughening; PP, cleaning with a prophy cup and pumice; HF, hydrofluoric acid etchi...

In the study, firstly, heat transfer coefficients of windows were calculated according to highest and lowest emissivity values. Secondly, monthly average solar radiation values determined. The coefficient for double, triple quadruple glass windows. Thirdly, in south, north east/west directions five climatic zones multiplied by shading factor, surface area energy factor discrete buildings. Thus,...