Abstract How do learners make sense of what they are learning? In this article, I present a new framework sense-making based on research investigating the benefits and boundaries generative learning activities (GLAs). The distinguishes among three primary modes—explaining, visualizing, enacting—that each serve unique complementary cognitive functions. Specifically, assumes mentally organize sim...

1 Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP, UK; E-mails: [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (S.O.L.); [email protected] (P.R.J.N.); [email protected] (J.A.B.R.) 2 Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interactions (LUCCI), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund,...

Leaf area index (LAI) and vertical foliage profile (VFP) are among the important canopy structural variables. Recent advances in lidar remote sensing technology have demonstrated the capability of accurately mapping LAI and VFP over large areas. The primary objective of this study was to derive and validate a LAI and VFP product over the contiguous United States (CONUS) using spaceborne wavefor...

Mapping forest aboveground biomass (AGB) has become an important task, particularly for the reporting of carbon stocks and changes. AGB can be mapped using synthetic aperture radar data (SAR) or passive optical data. However, these data are insensitive to high AGB levels (>150 Mg/ha, and >300 Mg/ha for P-band), which are commonly found in tropical forests. Studies have mapped the rough variatio...

The ultimate goal of this multi-article series is to develop a methodology to generate continuous fields of tree height and biomass. The first paper demonstrated the need for Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitation (ASRL) model optimization and its ability to generate spatially continuous fields of tree heights over the continental USA at coarse (1 km) spatial resolution. The objective of th...

Boudreau et al (2008) reports on a three-phase statistical framework for estimating forest biomass and carbon using a space LiDAR – ICESat/GLAS – as a large-area sampling tool to inventory the Province of Quebec. An airborne profiling LiDAR was used to tie ground plot observations to GLAS pulses by overflying both plots and pulses to facilitate development of two sets of regression equations. T...

We present in this paper a polynomial fitting method applicable to segments of footprints measured by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) to estimate glacier thickness change. Our modification makes the method applicable to complex topography, such as a large mountain glacier. After a full analysis of the planar fitting method to characterize errors of estimates due to complex topograp...