This paper presents the response to anthropogenic forcing in GISS-E2.1 climate models for 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathways emission scenarios within Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The experiments were performed using an updated and improved version of NASA Goddard Institute Space Studies (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes two different versi...

We explore the climate system response to abrupt CO2 forcing, spanning range 1× 8×CO2, with two state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice-land models: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E2.1-G (GISS-E2.1-G) and Community Earth System (CESM-LE). find that effective sensitivity is a non-monotonic function of in both models, reaching minimum at 3×CO2 GISS-E2.1-G, 4×CO2 CESM-LE....

The message-passing implementation for modelE is presented. Details include the approach to domain decomposition, interfaces for new procedures, and discussions of special cases.

Surface air temperature (SAT) from four reanalysis/analysis datasets are analyzed and compared with the observed SAT from 11 stations in the Antarctic. It is found that the SAT variation from Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) is the best to represent the observed SAT. Then we use the sea ice concentration (SIC) data from satellite measurements, the SAT data from the GISS dataset and st...

A major limitation in the use of transportation models is the difficulty of obtaining adequate data for them. Geographical information systems are a means of addressing this need. A geographical information system (GIS) is a “computerized database management system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial (i.e., vocationally defined) data.’” GIST is the adoption and...

Current geographic information systems (GISs) have been designed for querying and maintaining static databases representing static phenomena and give little support to those users who wish to represent dynamic information or incorporate temporality into their studies. In order to integrate phenomena that change over space and time in GISs, a better understanding of the underlying components of ...

Invasive alien aquatic species, including marine and freshwater macroinvertebrates, have become increasingly important in terms of both environmental and socio-economic impacts. In order to assess their environmental and economic costs, we applied the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) and performed a comparison with other taxa of invaders in Europe. Impacts were scored into six environmental...

Over the CMIP6 historical period (1850–2014), aerosols provided largest negative forcing compared to all other climate forcings via their ability absorb or scatter solar radiation and alter clouds. Aerosols played an important role in counterbalancing warming by greenhouse gases (GHGs). Here we study aerosol trends simulations of NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ocean-atmosphere ...

abstract in this study we have used the monthly data resulted from the calculation of temperature and precipitation for a 52-year period (1951-2003). the doubling effect of carbon dioxide ( ) on temperature and precipitation was modeled as the most important climatic parameters. the resulting hythergraph and ambrothermic models for tabriz indicate monthly increases of temperature and precipitat...