Currently most of the proprietary GIS software systems lack sophisticated geographical analysis technology. Attempts over the last decade to persuade the system developers to add spatial analysis functionality has so far failed to have much visible impact. The traditional arguments seemingly still apply; viz. no strong market demand, fear of statistical complexity, lack of suitable GIS-able met...

In this chapter we report on the GIS-based analysis of the Nasca geoglyphs of Palpa, Peru, undertaken in the course of the Nasca–Palpa Archaeological Project. We focus here on the analysis of spatial relationships between the geoglyphs and the surrounding landscape in terms of visibility and orientation. Our motivation for this contextual analysis was to gain a better understanding of the funct...

CrimeStat is a spatial statistics and visualization program that interfaces with desktop GIS packages. It is a standalone Windows program for the analysis of crime incident locations and can interface with most desktop GIS programs. Its aim is to provide statistical tools to help law enforcement agencies and criminal justice researchers in their crime mapping efforts. The program has many stati...

The notion of hypermap emerged as a response to the need for adding to geographical information systems (GIS) the linking and semantics capabilities of hypermedia. A hypermap is a new and powerful instrument for thematic cartography and spatial analysis in GIS. It extends the ability of a GIS to represent, store, manipulate, and display digital maps with the associative linking and interactive ...

The increasing popularity of the Internet has led to the development of Web applications, known as Web GIS. A geographic information system (called GIS from now) is a software system that manages geo-referenced information. GIS systems are an automated system used for storing, analysing and manipulating geographical information. Geographical information represents objects and actions where geog...

At first glance, the domain of health is no typical area to applicate Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Nevertheless, the recent development clearly shows that also within the domains of environmental health, disease ecology and public health GIS have become an indispensable tool for processing, analysing and visualising spatial data. In the field of geographical epidemiology, GIS are use...

Domestic waste water treatment using Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) (also known as septic systems) is a source of nitrogen contamination in groundwater and surface water. Estimating nutrient load from septic systems as a storm water source to surface water bodies is important to reduce nutrient load in support of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) programs. Software packages ...

This tutorial provides a foundation in GIS including its basic structure, concepts, and spatial analysis. GIS is a new field in business schools and presents opportunities for research. It is derived from about a dozen disciplines, some unfamiliar to most IS researchers. Following an overview of vertical-sector uses of GIS, the paper introduces their costs and benefits. The links of GIS to rela...

Geographic information systems (GIS) are computer-based tools for geographic data analysis and spatial visualization. They have become one of the information and communications technologies for education at all levels. This article reviews the current status of GIS in schools, analyzes the requirements of a GIS-based learning environment from constructivist perspectives, and discusses the major...

This paper presents a compressed-domain fall incident detection scheme for intelligent homecare applications. For object extraction, global motion parameters are estimated to distinguish local object motions from camera motions so as to obtain a rough object mask. We then perform change detection and/or background subtraction on the DC+2AC images extracted from the incoming coded bitstream to r...