BACKGROUND Ginsenosides are the major effective ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides. METHODS Medium-pressure liquid chromatography and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate purified...

Ginsenoside Re is a protopanaxatriol-type saponin isolated from Panax ginseng berry. Although anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Re have been reported by several groups, its mechanism of action is largely unknown until now. Here, we examine anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Re and action mechanism(s) in human HepG2 hepatocytes and high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice....

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a highly valuable herb widely used for medicinal treatments. Its pharmacologically important compounds are the ginsenosides, which are secondary metabolites in American ginseng root. The concentrations of ginsenoside in roots can be changed by fungal infection, but it is unclear what specific root tissues are impacted and whether the change is system...

Ginsenosides, the bioactive components of ginseng, can be divided into two major groups, namely 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (e.g. Re, Rg1, Rg2, and Rb3) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (e.g. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd). Biological and environmental factors may affect the content of ginsenosides in different parts of ginseng plant. Evidence from pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Re demonstrated that (1) t...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated changes in ginsenoside compositions and antioxidant activities in hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots (HGR) and leaves (HGL) with heating temperature. METHODS Heat treatment was performed at temperatures of 90°C, 110°C, 130°C, and 150°C for 2 hours. RESULTS The ginsenoside content varied significantly with heating temperature. The levels of ginsenosides Rg1 and...

In this study, dynamic changes in ginsenoside content and ratios in the Panax ginseng root were investigated with different cultivation ages and different collection months, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our data indicate that changes in ginsenoside Ro and malonyl ginsenosides content were dependent on the ginseng cultivation age (p < 0.05); especially, the Ro content var...

BACKGROUND Pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) proteins are small, cytosolic proteins with a similar three-dimensional structure. Crystal structures for several PR-10 homologs have similar overall folding patterns, with an unusually large internal cavity that is a binding site for biologically important molecules. Although structural information on PR-10 proteins is substantial, understanding of th...

Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER (Araliaceae), which contains ginsenosides as its main components, has been shown to have various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-stress, and anti-tumor effects. Orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 and Re are metabolized to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and compound K via ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) and ginsenoside Rh1 ...

Ginseng botanicals are increasingly used as complementary or alternative medicines for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, yet little is known about their cellular actions in cardiac muscle. Electromechanical alternans (EMA) is a proarrhythmic cardiac abnormality that results from disturbances of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. This study sought to determine whether a purified ginsenoside e...

F. H. CHEN is a kind of herb belongs to Acanthopanax Gracilistylus with synonym of stephania sinica and pseudoginsen radix. It has been considered to be one of the famous traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in China or other oriental countries for thousands of years. San-Chi contains many of chemical constituents. Total panax notoginsenoside (TPNS), isolated from San-Chi is a mixture of more th...