Human gastric epithelial immortalized GES-1 cells were infected with spiral and coccoid Helicobacter pylori. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the ability of the two forms of H. pylori to adhere to GES-1 cells. GES-1 cell apoptosis induced by coccoid and spiral H. pylori was analysed using flow cytometry. A cDNA microarray for 22,000 human genes was used to identify the gene-ex...

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Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in some refined edible oils. It is thought that GEs may be broken down by lipase and release glycidol which has been classified as a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound. GEs are formed during deodorization step in the oil refining process. The deodorizing temperature occurs at temperatures of about 200 to 250°C. The cooking temperature is also around 2...

Plant-virus interactions based-studies have contributed to increase our understanding on plant resistance mechanisms, providing new tools for crop improvement. In the last two decades, RNA interference, a post-transcriptional gene silencing approach, has been used to induce antiviral defenses in plants with the help of genetic engineering technologies. More recently, the new genome editing syst...

Resistance to β-lactams is constantly increasing due to the emergence of totally new enzymes but also to the evolution of preexisting β-lactamases. GES-1 is a clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) that hydrolyzes penicillins and broad-spectrum cephalosporins but spares monobactams and carbapenems. However, several GES-1 variants (i.e., GES-2 and GES-5) previously identified a...

We have interrogated a 12-chemokine gene expression signature (GES) on genomic arrays of 14,492 distinct solid tumors and show broad distribution across different histologies. We hypothesized that this 12-chemokine GES might accurately predict a unique intratumoral immune reaction in stage IV (non-locoregional) melanoma metastases. The 12-chemokine GES predicted the presence of unique, lymph no...

GES-type enzymes belong to Ambler Class A plasmidencoded -lactamases. Although GES enzymes usually exhibit extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBL) properties, changes in its active site enhance its activity conferring the ability to hydrolyze carbapenems.1 GES-type carbapenemases (GES2, GES-4, GES-5, GES-8, GES-11, GES-18, GES-20) have already been described in several countries.2 Although it has ...

Sterigmatocystin (ST), which is commonly detected in food and feed commodities, is a mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin that has been recognized as a possible human carcinogen. Our previous study showed that ST can induce G2 phase arrest in GES-1 cells in vitro and that the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways are involved in the ST-induced G2 arrest. It is now widely accepted that DNA damage pla...

The monoterpene fraction of the lemon-scented sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) cv Sweet Dani consists mostly of citral (a mixture of geranial and neral), with lower levels of geraniol and nerol. These compounds are stored in the peltate glands found on the leaf epidermis. Younger leaves, which have a higher density of such glands, also have a higher content of monoterpenes than older leaves. Gera...