This article is a research on a book about the martyrdom of Imam Hosein entitled Al- Futuh written by Ibn A’tham Kufi about the fourth century A. H. Like other historical- narrative books Al- Futuh was not immune from distortion of Ashura. This work makes us doubt some events of Ashura. In this research, after the evaluation of the personality of the author and his book, some of the distortions...

  One of the most significant characteristics of Shia heritage is said to be the fact that it is provided in written discourse. From their outset, Hadiths that are attributed to Prophet and Imams have always been conveyed to the next generation through books and Shia’s principles. Then, Authors of Hadith bookss, especially writers of The Four Books, gathered them together and provided a written...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

Writing treatise on Islah al-Adwiat (Reducing the Side-Effects of Drugs) is one of the most important issues in Islamic medicine. During the first few centuries of Islamic civilization, four important treatises were written on this subject, which established the scientific tradition that formed the bases of the subsequent pharmacological formation. This paper addresses the tradition of writing ...