BACKGROUND To compare the distribution of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on immunohistochemical profile in the five major geographic regions of Brazil, a country of continental dimension, with a wide racial variation of people. METHODS The study was retrospective observational. We classified 5,687 invasive breast cancers by molecular subtype based on immunohistochemic...

in this study, genetic diversity of 30 accessions of the fennel from different cities of iran and other asian and european countries were assessed by using 20 selective aflp primers. totally, from 1127 observed bands, 250 bands were polymorph. e11-m20 primer with 20 bands, also e46-m35 and etg-m20 primers with 8 bands indicated the maximum and minimum numbers of polymorphism, respectively. acco...

BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis is associated with similar survival and similar improvement in quality of life and is less costly compared with in-centre hemodialysis. We examined facility and geographic variation in the use of peritoneal dialysis in Canada. METHODS We analyzed data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register for the period January 2001 to December 2010. We identified patient...

syrian rue or harmal ( peganum harmala l.), belonged to the family of peganaceae, grows in semi-arid climates such as the middle east and north africa. traditionally, this plant, especially the seeds, has been recognized for its several medicinal uses. in this stydy, genetic diversity between 21 harmal accessions, collected from different regions of iran were evaluated by inter simple sequence ...

The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of age, period and birth cohort on esophageal cancer mortality in Brazil and its geographic regions, per sex. An ecological study is presented herein, which evaluated the deaths by esophageal cancer and the distribution, per geographic region. Poisson Regression was utilized to calculate the effects of age, period and birth cohort, and p...

OBJECTIVE The literature suggests that colorectal cancer mortality in Texas is distributed inhomogeneously among specific demographic subgroups and in certain geographic regions over an extended period. To understand the extent of the demographic and geographic disparities, the present study examined colorectal cancer mortality in 15 demographic groups in Texas counties between 1990 and 2001. ...

Many of the qualities that characterize geographic regions are vague and granular in their nature. In many quality-based classification and delineation systems for geographic regions, therefore, there is a trade-off between the possible precision of the quality-based delineation and the scientific sophistication of the quality-based classification of geographic regions. This poses a dilemma for...

Cognitive regions are regions in the mind, reflecting informal ways individuals and cultural groups organize their understanding of earth landscapes. Cognitive region boundaries are typically substantially vague and their membership functions are substantially variable – the transition from outside to inside the region is imprecise or vague, and different places within the region are not equall...

BACKGROUND Most US adults consume excess sodium. Knowledge about the dietary sources of sodium intake is critical to the development of effective reduction strategies. METHODS A total of 450 adults were recruited from 3 geographic locations: Birmingham, AL (n=150); Palo Alto, CA (n=150); and the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN (n=150), metropolitan areas. Equal numbers of women and men from each of ...