Much local government has been utilizing the large scale digital map with Geographic Information System (GIS). GIS will be able to efficiently work and to reduce mapping costs. However, the maintenance and renewal of a map database need much labor and time. However, the updating method of a map is not established yet and, there is little successful example. The purpose of this study is establis...

Since the definition of the Geocentric Datum of Australia in 1994 (GDA94), Australia has had a GPS continuously operating reference station (CORS) network for datum maintenance. The Australian Fiducial Network (AFN) now comprises eight geologically stable, geodetic quality GNSS CORS stations which also contribute to the Australian Regional Geodetic Network and the International GNSS Network. In...

[1] Unmodelled sub-daily periodic signals can propagate into time series of daily geodetic coordinates and tropospheric estimates at various different frequencies. Geophysical interpretations of geodetic products, particularly at seasonal timescales, can therefore be affected by poorly modelled signals in the geodetic analysis. In this study, we use two solid Earth tidemodels (IERS2003 and IERS...

The direct geodesic problem on an oblate spheroid is described as an initial value problem and is solved numerically in geodetic and Cartesian coordinates. The geodesic equations are formulated by means of the theory of differential geometry. The initial value problem under consideration is reduced to a system of first-order ordinary differential equations, which is solved using a numerical met...

For computing the geodetic coordinates r and X on the ellipsoid one needs information o f the gravity field, titus making it possible to reduce tl~e terrestrial observations to the reference surface. Neglect o f gravity fieM data, suck,, as deflections o f the vertical and geoM he~hts, results in misclosure effects, which can be described using the ob/ect o f anholonomity.

The map of the city of Rome 1:5000 scale of 1908 and the map of ” Roma e l’agro Romano” that represents a wider area, realized in 1912 have been studied in earlier papers were parameters useful to perform the transformation of the used geodetic system in more modern systems were estimated. Here we want to evaluate the effect of different georeferencing strategies on these maps evaluating separa...

Abstract The number of satellites equipped with retroreflectors dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) increases simultaneously the development and invention spherical geodetic satellites, low Earth orbiters (LEOs), Galileo other components Global Navigational System (GNSS). SLR GNSS techniques onboard LEO create possibility widening use observations for deriving station coordinates, which ...

Exposure analysis is a critical component of determining the health impact of pollutants. Global positioning systems (GPS) could be useful in developing time-location information for use in exposure analysis. This study compares four low cost GPS receivers with data logging capability (Garmin 60, Garmin Forerunner 201, GeoStats GeoLogger and Skytrx minitracker MT4100) in terms of accuracy, prec...

Let G=(V,E) be a simple connected graph of order p and size q. A decomposition of a graph G is a collection π of edge-disjoint subgraphs G_1,G_2,…,G_n of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one G_i,(1≤i ≤n). The decomposition 〖π={G〗_1,G_2,…,G_n} of a connected graph G is said to be a distinct edge geodetic decomposition if g_1 (G_i )≠g_1 (G_j ),(1≤i≠j≤n). The maximum cardinality of π...

Low-cost GPS receivers provide geodetic positioning information using the NMEA protocol, usually with eight digits for latitude and nine digits for longitude. When these geodetic coordinates are converted into Cartesian coordinates, the positions fit in a quantization grid of some decimeters in size, the dimensions of which vary depending on the point of the terrestrial surface. The aim of this...