Genotypic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is increasingly applied in direct support of tuberculosis outbreak control activities. This is facilitated by PCR-based strain typing methods that enable the genotypic characterization of samples containing small numbers of M. tuberculosis cells. By using DNA extracted directly from primary diagnostic cultures, PCR-based methods were app...

†Background Root systems are well-recognized as complex and a variety of traits have been identified as contributing to plant adaptation to the environment. A significant proportion of soil in south-western Australia is prone to the formation of hardpans of compacted soil that limit root exploration and thus access to nutrients and water for plant growth. Genotypic variation has been reported f...

We introduce and analyse an individual-based evolutionary model, in which a population of genetically diverse organisms compete with each other for limited resources. Through theoretical analysis and stochastic simulations, we show that the model exhibits a pattern-forming instability which is highly amplified by the effects of demographic noise, leading to the spontaneous formation of genotypi...

The European Biomedicine and Health (BIOMED-2) Concerted Action Project BMH4-CT98-3936 has defined standardized protocols for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of different loci of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes with a view to achieving greater sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of clonality of lymphoid neoplasms. To assess T-cell clonality, analy...

Streptococcal disease and columnaris are common in tilapia aquaculture across the globe. Coinfections also but often overlooked or not reported. In present study, we describe clinical presentation of streptococcosis coinfection diseased Nile ( Oreochromis niloticus ), phenotypic (Lancefield grouping, hemolytic pattern, biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility) genotypic (multilocu...

A Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented strain, designated EX36(T), was characterized using a polyphasic approach comprising phylogenetic, morphological and genotypic analyses. The endophytic strain was isolated from Zn/Cd-accumulating Salix caprea in Arnoldstein, Austria. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the novel strain is most closely related to members of the genus Spiroso...

PURPOSE Polymorphisms of the cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) gene have recently been identified to be associated with the risk to several immune diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the potential association of CD40 polymorphisms with Fuch uveitis syndrome (FUS). METHODS A total of 131 Han Chinese patients with FUS and 402 healthy controls were genotyped using the polymerase ...

Genotypic selection enriches a particular DNA sequence relative to another closely-related DNA sequence based only on a change of one or a few bases. This review is a survey of the genotypic selection methods that have the sensitivity to detect rare point mutations. These methods are primarily being used to study mutations caused by environmental mutagens; however, the ability to detect and mea...

1. Genotypic diversity in plant populations is known to enhance plant performance and ecosystem function. Nonetheless, the effect of genotypic diversity has rarely been examined across a population’s lifecycle despite the expectation that changing conditions, such as population density, will alter the benefits of diversity. 2. We simultaneously manipulated a component of genotypic diversity (ri...