Genetic algorithm behavior is described in terms of the construction and evolution of the sampling distributions over the space of candidate solutions. This novel perspective is motivated by analysis indicating that the schema theory is inadequate for completely and properly explaining genetic algorithm behavior. Based on the proposed theory, it is ar_md that tim similarities of candidate solut...

abstract in this study, two wild iranian crocus species (crocus speciosus and crocus cancellathus) were examined using 16 morphological characters and 13 issr primers on 250 and 25 plant samples, respectively. the highest and lowest coefficient of variations were belonged to the thickness of the petals (71.25%) and the leaf length (15.08%), respectively. cluster analysis based on morphological ...

Iran is a part of the secondary centre of origin of melons, and therefore, there is a wealth of genetic variation of these species in this country. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker was applied to investigate the genetic variations among five major Iranian melon cultigens (Cucumis melo) and ‘Ananasi’ as a general well-known cultivar. Ten primer pairs were used on 90 indiv...

iran is a part of the secondary centre of origin of melons, and therefore, there is a wealth of genetic variation of these species in this country. the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) marker was applied to investigate the genetic variations among five major iranian melon cultigens (cucumis melo) and ‘ananasi’ as a general well-known cultivar. ten primer pairs were used on 90 indiv...

Differences in genetic background and/or environmental exposure among individuals are expected to give rise to differences in measurable characteristics, or phenotypes. Consequently, genetic resemblance and similarities in environment should manifest as similarities in phenotypes. The metabolome reflects many of the system properties, and is therefore an important part of the phenotype. Neverth...

MOTIVATION Genome-wide association studies are commonly used to identify possible associations between genetic variations and diseases. These studies mainly focus on identifying individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially linked with one disease of interest. In this work, we introduce a novel methodology that identifies similarities between diseases using information from a la...

The primary structures of the tomato planta macho and tomato apical stunt viroids have been determined, and probable secondary structures are proposed. Both viroids can assume the rodlike conformation with extensive base-pairing characteristic of all known viroids. Sequence homologies between the two viroids (75%) and with members of the potato spindle tuber viroid group (73-83%) indicate that ...

diversity of durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) germplasm was evaluated using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. one hundred and forty durum wheat genotypes of diverse origin (belonging to ten countries) were assessed using 48 selected ssrs with whole genome coverage. a total of 245 allelic variants were detected at 37 polymorphic ssr loci, ranging from two to seventeen per locus wit...