This paper describes and studies generalizations of the well known double ring network structures. Two classes of structures are studied, the N2R(p; q) and N2R(p; q; r) structures, of which the former is a special case of the well known Generalized Petersen Graphs. Basic properties of these structures are shown, indicating that they form a suitable base for future access network infrastructures...

In the present paper we study generalized left derivations on Lie ideals of rings with involution. Some of our results extend other ones proven previously just for the action of generalized left derivations on the whole ring. Furthermore, we prove that every generalized Jordan left derivation on a 2-torsion free ∗-prime ring with involution is a generalized left derivation.

In this paper, we introduce generalized adjoint semigroups (GA-semigroups) of a ring R. We construct generalized adjoint semigroups on a ring R by means of bitranslations of R. It is shown that GA-semigroups of a π-regular ring are π-regular. As an application we deduce that in any ring, idempotents can be lifted modulo π-regular ideals. GA-semigroups containing idempotents are described in ter...

in this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.

Let $mathcal{R}$ be a  commutative ring with identity, let $A$ and $B$ be two $mathcal{R}$-algebras and $varphi:Blongrightarrow A$ be an $mathcal{R}$-additive algebra homomorphism. We introduce a new algebra $Atimes_varphi B$, and give some basic properties of this algebra. Generalized $2$-cocycle derivations on $Atimes_varphi B$ are studied. Accordingly, $Atimes_varphi B$ is considered from th...

The concepts of fuzzy semi-ideals of R with respect to H≤R and generalized fuzzy quotient rings are introduced. Some properties of fuzzy semiideals are discussed. Finally, several isomorphism theorems for generalized fuzzy quotient rings are established.

The present study was focused to examine the combined effects of climate and ultraviolet-B radiation on conifer tree-ring density. Statistical methods were employed to extract tree responses in annual ring density and to identify functional relationship in trees when the level of ultraviolet-B radiation changes regardless of climate variations. In this study, the consideration was given to the ...

let $mathcal{r}$ be a  commutative ring with identity, let $a$ and $b$ be two $mathcal{r}$-algebras and $varphi:blongrightarrow a$ be an $mathcal{r}$-additive algebra homomorphism. we introduce a new algebra $atimes_varphi b$, and give some basic properties of this algebra. generalized $2$-cocycle derivations on $atimes_varphi b$ are studied. accordingly, $atimes_varphi b$ is considered from th...