GLT-1 eGFP BAC reporter transgenic adult mice were used to detect GLT-1 gene expression in individual cells of CA1, CA3 and SI, and eGFP fluorescence was measured to analyze quantitatively GLT-1 promoter activity in different cells of neocortex and hippocampus. Virtually all GFAP+ astrocytes were eGFP+; we also found that about 80% of neurons in CA3 pyramidal layer, 10-70% of neurons in I-VI la...

Several subtypes of Na+-dependent glutamate transporters have been pharmacologically differentiated in brain tissues. Five distinct cDNA clones that express Na+-dependent glutamate transport activity have been isolated. One goal of the current study was to compare the pharmacological properties of the rat GLT-1 subtype of transporter to those identified previously using rat brain tissues. To ac...

Ganoderma lucidum is a popular medicinal mushroom, which has been used in the Traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases. In the present study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the triterpene extract from G. lucidum (GLT) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Here we show that GLT markedly suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokine tumor ne...

GLT-1 (EAAT2; slc1a2) is the major glutamate transporter in the brain, and is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, but at lower levels also in excitatory terminals. We generated a conditional GLT-1 knock-out mouse to uncover cell-type-specific functional roles of GLT-1. Inactivation of the GLT-1 gene was achieved in either neurons or astrocytes by expression of synapsin-Cre or inducible human...

We review and extend the theory of Generalized Locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences, which goes back to the pioneering work by Tilli on Locally Toeplitz (LT) sequences and was developed by the second author during the last decade. Informally speaking, a GLT sequence {An}n is a sequence of matrices with increasing size, equipped with a Lebesgue-measurable function κ (the so-called symbol). This func...

Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, and it is removed from the synaptic cleft by sodium-dependent glutamate transport activity. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is expressed predominantly in astroglial cells and is responsible for the largest proportion of glutamate transport in the adult forebrain. In the present study, we demonstrate the ability of endogenous a...

Glutamate transporters remove glutamate from the extracellular space and maintain it below neurotoxic levels under normal conditions. However, the dynamics under ischemic conditions remain to be determined. In the present study, we evaluated the function of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) during brain ischemia by using an in vivo brain microdialysis technique in GLT-1 mutant mice. A mic...

In this paper, we describe a Generalized Lapped Transform (GLT) based high-speed transmission technique for wireless mobile communications over Rayleigh fading channel. In this technique, the high-rate data bits are serial-to-parallel converted into low-rate data streams which are then modulated by the GLT based signature sequences. Numerical results show that the GLT based system gives better ...

The theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences is a powerful apparatus for computing the asymptotic singular value and eigenvalue distribution of matrices An arising from virtually any kind of numerical discretization of differential equations (DEs). Indeed, when the discretization parameter n tends to infinity, these matrices An give rise to a sequence {An}n, which often turns out ...