BACKGROUND Before the 1970s, research into the development of clinical competence was mainly focused on general problem-solving abilities. The scope of research changed when Elstein and colleagues discovered that individual ability to solve clinical problems varies considerably across cases. It was concluded that problem solving abilities are highly dependent on domain-specific knowledge rather...

In an influential paper, Ericsson, Krampe, and TeschRomer (1993) proposed that expertise is acquired only through practice deliberately designed to improve one’s own skill. Deliberate practice (DP) consists of goal-directed and repetitive activities that enable immediate feedback. These activities, performed individually, are typically effortful and not enjoyable, and cannot be carried out for ...

Carried out over ten weeks from April to June 2015, the Queen’s Nursing Institute’s online survey of general practice nurses attracted 3,405 respondents. The findings show: ■ More than 33% of general practice nurses are due to retire by 2020 ■ More than 22% have two jobs ■ Only 35% of respondents thought their salary reflects their role in the practice ■ Just more than half, 53%, reported that ...

The scientific discussion of sleep spindles now routinely mentions the association between these oscillations and cognitive ability. Numerous studies have been published on topic with various methodologies highly divergent results. In this meta-analysis relevant literature (total k = 22 articles, total N 953 subjects), it is concluded that there evidence for a modest positive ability slow ( r ....