The aim of the present study was to develop a genetic sex marker for the pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) to allow gender determination at any stage in the life cycle. Screening of genomic DNA with intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers was used to discover sex-specific touch-down polymerase chain reaction (Td-PCR) amplification products. Using pooled DNA from male and female geno...

With a set of external measurements from a sample of known-sex American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in central Illinois, we determined whether a published discriminant function for sex determination was applicable to crows in a different geographic location than the reference sample. Low classification success with this equation, likely due to geographic size differences in crows between regi...

Nowadays, new advances in the use of cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma of pregnant women has provided the possibility of applying cffDNA in prenatal diagnosis as a non-invasive method. In contrary to the risks of invasive methods that affect both mother and fetus, applying cffDNA is proven to be highly effective with lower risk. One of the applications of prenatal diagnosis is fet...

Identification is necessary for humanitarian and emotional reasons and for many legal issues, particularly for family members. In recent reports, identification based on dental information is considered to be highly efficient, reliable, and rapid.4-7 Although many methods are followed for gender differentiation and age estimation, still identification of skeletal remains and decomposed bodies r...

Gender nonconformity refers to the extent to which a person's gender identity, gender role and/or gender expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex, within a certain society and era. Most data on gender nonconformity focus on the prevalence of gender dysphoria (which also includes a distress factor) or on the number of legal sex changes. However, not ev...