BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of teenage deaths in the United States. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) policies effectively decrease teenage crash deaths. Emerging research is identifying the most effective components of GDL. This study examines GDL policies across 6 Great Lakes states, describing the beneficial impact, and investigating how evidence-based policy modifi...

PURPOSE Graduated driver licensing (GDL) has been introduced in numerous jurisdictions in Australia and internationally in an attempt to ameliorate the significantly greater risk of death and injury for young novice drivers arising from road crashes. The GDL program in Queensland, Australia, was extensively modified in July 2007. This paper reports the driving and licensing experiences of Learn...

Gas diffusion layers are essential components of proton exchange membrane fuel cell since the reactants should pass through these layers. Mass transport in these layers is highly dependent on porosity. Many of simulations have assumed, for simplicity, the porosity of GDL is constant, but in practice, there is a considerable variation in porosity along gas diffusion layers. In the present study ...

In this work, the influence of geometric and mechanical properties constitutive layers a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) on system performance was investigated. More specifically, study focused internal electrical resistances due to interlayer contacts. Indeed, contact are one main sources ohmic losses in PEMFC therefore require special attention improve efficiency. To end, Design Ex...

We introduceGeneralized Dictionary Learning (GDL), a simple but practical framework for learning dictionaries over the manifold of positive definite matrices. We illustrate GDL by applying it to Nearest Neighbor (NN) retrieval, a task of fundamental importance in disciplines such as machine learning and computer vision. GDL distinguishes itself from traditional dictionary learning approaches by...

The dynamic behavior of liquid droplets on a reconstructed real gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface with the inertial effect produced by three dimensional (3D) flow channel is investigated using an improved pseudopotential multiphase model within unified lattice Boltzmann (ULBM) framework, which can realize thermodynamic consistency and tunable tension. microstructure GDL (Toray-090) including ca...

In the cathode side of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), a micro porous layer (MPL) added between the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in water management. In this work, by using both quasi-static and dynamic pore-network models, water and vapor transport in the MPL and GDL has been investigated. We illustrated how the MPL improved water manage...

Water transport in vapor/liquid form gas diffusion layers (GDL) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are numerically investigated this study. A stochastic method is employed to reconstruct the 3D structured GDL, then a validated phase change solver developed and implemented OpenFOAM platform simulate vapor condensation process. Comprehensive simulations carried out analyze GDL porosity...

This study investigated the effects of glucono-δ-lactone (GdL) addition on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fermented sausages during ripening and drying. Five batches of sausages were produced under ripening conditions: without GdL and with 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% of GdL addition. Samples from each treatment were taken for physicochemical and microbiological analyses ...

Understanding multiphase flow and gas transport occurring in electrodes is crucial for improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In present study, a pore-scale model using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was proposed to study coupled processes air–water two-phase oxygen reactive porous structures diffusion layer (GDL) fractures microscopic (MPL). Three-dimensional numeric...