The current economics and psychology are developed within the Newtonian tradition in physics from both conceptual and instrumental perspectives. This paper aims to integrate economics and cognitive science by applying gauge field theory of modern theoretical physics. Many controversies between normative theories and behavioral theories are characterized by the " man vs. men " dilemma. Gauge pot...

In the vacuum overlap formalism[1] of a generic chiral gauge theory, gauge symmetry is explicitly broken by the complex phase of fermion determinant. In order to restore the gauge invariance, gauge average—the integration along gauge orbit— is invoked. Then, what is required for the dynamical nature of the gauge freedom at β = ∞ (pure gauge limit) is that the global gauge symmetry is not broken...

We show that the Collins-Soper-Sterman resummation approach to the derivation of the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equation is gauge invariant. The special gauge-dependent parton distribution function employed in the resummation technique is expressed as the convolution of an infrared finite function with the standard distribution function. By means of this convolution relation, we...

purpose : the aim of this study was to compare the rate and location of intraoperatively induced retinal breaks between two techniques of standard 20-gauge vitrectomy and transconjunctival 23-gauge using trocar/cannula methods : in this prospective comparative case series patients having attached retina before surgery who were operated for different vitreoretinal or macular conditions by standa...

We present an elegant exact formula for the gaugino β-function in a softly-broken supersymmetric gauge theory, of the form β M = O(β g /g), where β g is the gauge β function and O is a simple differential operator acting on the gauge coupling g and the Yukawa

‎The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new mapping for a finite‎ ‎family of accretive operators and introduce an iterative algorithm‎ ‎for finding a common zero of a finite family of accretive operators‎ ‎in a real reflexive strictly convex Banach space which has a‎ ‎uniformly G^ateaux differentiable norm and admits the duality‎ ‎mapping $j_{varphi}$‎, ‎where $varphi$ is a gauge function ...

and it is more natural as an averaged gauge field on the link in the continuum theory. We use the analytic method of eigenspace projection operator together with Cardano’s eigenvalue solver for transformation between U and A. It is remarkable that the definition (1) of gauge field allows the same type of formulation of the lattice Landau or Coulomb gauge condition as the continuum theory, i.e.,...