background: gasoline station workers are exposed to volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (btex). objectives: to determine the level of exposure to btex compounds among gasoline station workers and measure the roadside concentrations of these compounds in the inner and outer areas of bangkok, thailand. methods: 49 workers at 6 gasoline stations in the inne...

OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess the risk of cancer due to benzene in the ambient air of gas stations and traffic zones in the north of Tehran. The cancer risk was estimated using the population distribution data for benzene levels and the unit risk for benzene proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen sampling locations w...

Modern anaesthesia workstations are reassuringly tight and are Background: equipped with effective gas monitoring, thus providing good opportunities for low/minimal flow anaesthesia. A prerequisite for effective low flow anaesthesia is the possibility to rapidly increase and decrease gas concentrations in the circle system, thereby controlling the depth of anaesthesia. We Methods: studied the w...

Pakistan is a gas rich but power poor country. It consumes approximately 1, 559 Billion cubic feet of natural gas annually. Gas is transported around the country in a system of pressurized transmission pipelines under a pressure range of 600-1000 psig exclusively operated by two state owned companies i.e. SNGPL (Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited) and SSGCL (Sui Southern Gas Company Limited). T...

When considering cost-optimal operation of gas transport networks, compressor stations play the most important role. Proper modeling of these stations leads to complicated mixed-integer nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems. In this article, we give an isothermal and stationary description of compressor stations, state MINLP and GDP models for operating a single station, and discuss sev...

this study mainly focuses on enhancing the overall efficiency of gas transmission networks. the authors developed a model with detailed characteristics of compressor and pressure reduction stations. following this, they suggested three different systems with gas turbine including: organic rankine cycle (orc), air bottoming cycle (abc), and abc along with steam injection (si-abc). in addition, u...

Reliability and availability of power stations are extremely important in order to achieve a required level of power generation. In particular, in the hot desert climate of Kuwait, reliable power generation is extremely important because of cooling requirements at temperatures exceeding 50-centigrade degrees. In this paper, a particular power plant, named Sabiya Power Plant, which has 8 steam t...

Virtual-pipeline is an alternative method of transporting natural gas to places where there are no pipeline networks available. It is based on a modular system of compression or liquefaction, transport and decompression and/or regasification of natural gas, which communities, industries, gas stations and others can use. In virtual-pipelines compressed/liquefied natural gas is transported by var...