We report the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate using buffer-gas cooling, the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation using a broadly general method which relies neither on laser cooling nor unique atom-surface properties. Metastable helium ((4)He*) is buffer-gas cooled, magnetically trapped, and evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy. 10(11) atoms are initially trapped, leadin...

Size-selected Pd nanoclusters in the size range from 887 to 10,000 atoms were synthesized in a magnetron sputtering, inert gas condensation cluster beam source equipped with a time of flight mass filter. Their morphologies were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and shown to be strongly size-dependent. The larger clusters exhibited elongated structures, which we...

Condensation is observed in a gas of indirect excitons confined in an electrostatic trap. Imaging and interferometric measurements detect that excitons condense at the trap bottom and exciton spontaneous coherence emerges with lowering temperature. Below a temperature of about 1 K, the direct signature of Bose−Einstein condensation, the extension of coherence over the entire cloud, is observed.

Condensation is observed in a gas of indirect excitons confined in an electrostatic trap. Imaging and interferometric measurements detect that excitons condense at the trap bottom and exciton spontaneous coherence emerges with lowering temperature. Below a temperature of about 1 K, the direct signature of Bose-Einstein condensation, the extension of coherence over the entire cloud, is observed.

The chemical composition of nighttime urban fog has been investigated using a hybrid kinetic and equilibrium model. Extremely high acidity may be imparted to the droplets by condensation and growth on acidic condensation uclei or by in situ S(IV) oxidation. Important oxidants of S(IV) were found to be 02 as catalyzed by Fe(III) and Mn(II), H20:, and 03. Formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate ion ...

Bound electron–hole pairs—excitons—are light Bose particles with a mass comparable to or smaller than that of the free electron. Since the quantum degeneracy temperature scales inversely with the mass, it is anticipated that Bose–Einstein condensation of an exciton gas can be achieved at temperatures of about 1 K, orders of magnitude larger than the micro-Kelvin temperatures employed in atomic ...

Diatomic Hypothesis and Calculation of Condensation Force Author: Zeljko Prebeg Lermanova 12a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Abstract: The concept of a molecular pair as the base of organization for matter successfully describes the polymerization phenomena. For this reason, a diatomic hypothesis is hereto postulated. According to the diatomic hypothesis, matter is organized in ...

We have observed condensation of fermionic atom pairs in the BCS-BEC crossover regime. A trapped gas of fermionic 40K atoms is evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy and then a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to control the atom-atom interactions. The location of this resonance is precisely determined from low-density measurements of molecule dissociation. In order to search for c...

The reduction of SO2 and PM for marine engines was investigated using the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with the heat exchanger. The experiments were carried out to reduce SO2 due to condensation of water in the exhausted gas. The experimental system consists of the diesel engine, the heat exchanger and the ESP. The exhausted gas at 180 o C of the temperature is cooled to 20 o C, and generat...