This paper presents a semantic model for Chinese garden-path sentences. Based on the Sentence Degeneration model of HNC theory, a garden-path can arise from two types of ambiguities: SD type ambiguity and NP allocated ambiguity. This paper provides an approach to process garden-paths, in which ambiguity detection and analysis take the place of revision. The performance of the approach is evalua...

A garden-path sentence has temporary ambiguity that a reader or listener need to resolve. Prosody is well-known to have effects on sentence comprehension so it is expected that it will affect the interpretation of garden-path sentences. However, in an auditory comprehension test with natural speech, the garden-path effect may be unclear because a listener can typically resolve the ambiguity and...

The effects of a porous fence with a nonuniform porosity on flow fields are investigated numerically. First, an experiment with a non-uniform porous fence located in a wind tunnel is performed to obtain a reference data set. Then, a numerical model that utilizes the finite volume schemewith a weakly compressible-flowmethod to solve the continuity and momentum equations is developed. The numeric...

In this paper, a numerical study on pressure characteristics of fluid passing through a configuration of sudden expansion with central restriction only and sudden expansion with central restriction and fence has been carried out. The two dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum are solved for Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 200, percentage of central re...

Abstract Context Landscape simplification is a main driver of insect decline, threatening crop pollination services. Changes in functional features simplified agroecosystems may impact the abundance wild pollinators. Objectives Here, we studied whether different pollinator groups based on life-history are differentially associated to landscape features, and how this affects service delivery. Me...

Abstract Oviposition, development and survivorship of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were evaluated on soybean and garden bean under laboratory conditions of 26.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, 70 - 80% RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). B. tabaci deposited more eggs and survivorship of nymphs was significantly greater in a choice-test on soybean, Glycine max L. (Merr.) (Fabeles: Fab...

The presence of large-scale vortices with high spanwise coherence has been observed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This study investigates an innovative technique to generate a large-scale spanwise vortex from the oscillation of a surface-mounted fence in a wind tunnel. Characteristics of the large vortex with a well-defined length scale and its development with downstream distance be...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent method used to test for local adaptation is a common garden experiment where analyses are calibrated to the environmental conditions of the garden. In this study the calibrated common garden approach is used to test for patterns of adaptation to climate in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS Seedlings from 21 accessions of A. thaliana were planted outdoors...