224/250 words) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an important glycolytic enzyme, has a non-catalytic (thus a non-canonical) role in inducing mitochondrial elimination under oxidative stress. We recently demonstrated that phosphorylation of GAPDH by delta protein kinase C (δPKC) inhibits this GAPDH-dependent mitochondrial elimination. PKC phosphorylation of GAPDH correlates with...

Mitochondrial proteins have been shown to be common targets of S-nitrosylation (SNO), but the existence of a mitochondrial source of nitric oxide remains controversial. SNO is a nitric oxide-dependent thiol modification that can regulate protein function. Interestingly, trans-S-nitrosylation represents a potential pathway for the import of SNO into the mitochondria. The glycolytic enzyme glycer...

PURPOSE To characterize tumor response to percutaneous injection of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antagonists in a mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal experiments were approved by the Johns Hopkins University Animal Care and Use Committee. Luciferase (luc) gene-expressing Hep3B tumor-bearing athymic nude mice were randomly divid...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the expression of three commonly used housekeeping genes -- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M), and RNA polymerase 2a (polR2a) -- in elderly (E) compared to young (Y) subjects. Nine young subjects (22.7 +/- 3.4 yrs) and 11 elderly subjects (73.0 +/- 9.5 yrs) underwent a percutaneous skeletal muscle ...

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most classical technique in the field of gene expression study. This method requires an appropriate reference gene to normalize mRNA levels. In this study, the expression stability of four frequently-used reference genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inguinal beige adipose tissue (iBeAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from obese and lean ...

BACKGROUND Bovine granulosa cell culture models are important to understand molecular mechanisms of ovarian function. Folliculogenesis and luteinization are associated with increasing density of cells and local hypoxic conditions. The current study identified two reliable housekeeping genes useful for gene normalization in granulosa cells under different in vitro conditions. METHODS During th...

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional protein that acts at the intersection of energy metabolism and stress response in tumor cells. To elucidate the role of GAPDH in chemotherapy-induced stress, we analyzed its activity, protein level, intracellular distribution, and intranuclear mobility in human carcinoma cells A549 and UO31 after treatment with cytarabine, do...

We have previously reported that acetylleucine chloromethyl ketone (ALCK), an inhibitor of acylpeptidehydrolase, induces the inhibition and degradation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the U937 cell extract. In the present study, the process of ALCK-induced GAPDH degradation was investigated. A kinetic study revealed that GAPDH was irreversibly inhibited by ALCK. ALCK trea...

Recent studies indicating a role of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in apoptosis or oxidative stress has been reported. Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we have investigated the cellular distribution of GAPDH in central nervous system (CNS)-derived cells (neuroblastoma mNB41A3), in non-CNS derived cells (R6 fibroblast) and in an apoptosis-resistant Bcl2 overexpressing ...

Regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) has a pathophysiological role in hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure. We started from an observation that the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of AT1R mRNA suppressed AT1R translation. Using affinity purification for the separation of 3'-UTR-binding proteins and mass spectrometry for their identification, we describe glyceraldehyde ...