The potential of crude enzyme extracts, obtained from solid state cultivation of four white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Ganoderma applanatum and Phlebia rufa), was exploited to modify wheat straw cell wall. At different fermentation times, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), avicelase, xylanase and feru...

Bees of the genus Osmia are being used in crop pollination at an increasing rate. However, a short life expectancy of adult individuals limits the feasibility of their use. Cocoons of the red mason bee, Osmia rufa L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), can be stored at 4° C in a postdiapause state, and adult bees can be used for pollination outside their natural flight period. The period of storage in...

This study was carried out to determine the population parameters of Garra rufa in Merzimen Stream, Euphrates River Basin between May and November 2013. A total 365 specimens were caught by electro shocker. The age sampled ranged from 0 V groups. Total length weight varied 2.9 16.8 cm with a mean 9.67±3.52 0.21 69.27 g 15.69±14.75 g, respectively. length-weight relationship obtained as W=0.0124...

six highly variable microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the garra rufa in kermanshah and bushehr provinces, iran. all of the 6 microsatellite loci screened in this study showed polymorphism. a total of 90 individual fish from 3 populations were genotyped and 60 alleles were observed in all loci. the number of alleles per locus ranged fr...

Stoiba Spaeth, 1909 is revised with a phylogenetic analysis of 38 adult morphological characters for nine Stoiba species and 11 outgroup species (Mesomphaliini, Ischyrosonychini, and Hemisphaerotini). Four Cuban species of Stoiba were not sampled. Parsimony analysis located the four most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus (CI=0.59, RI=0.78, Steps=83) resolved the monophyly of Stoiba. The ...

the isolation-by-distance theory states that the genetic differentiation between individuals raised by increasing geographic distance. therefore, this study tested this hypothesis for garra rufa , a freshwater fish species of iranian inland waters, from six rivers located at the different distances in tirgis basin. for this purpose, eight variable microsatellite loci were applied to identify ge...

Behavioural and brain left-right asymmetries are a common feature among the animal kingdom. Lateralization often manifests itself at the population-level with most individuals showing the same direction of lateral bias. Theoretical model based on evolutionary stable strategy predicts that lateralization at the population-level is more likely to characterize social rather than solitary species. ...

This study was carried out to determine the growth and reproductive characteristics of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 infested with Paradiplozoon bingolensis Civanova et al., 2013 in Göynük Stream, Bingol. A total 267 G. specimens were caught by a casting net between March 2015 February 2016. The length ranged from 8.5-19.1 cm weights 5.8-58.7 g. most intensive catching population 12.0-12.9 (30.0%) 15...

In northwestern Victoria, Australia, the Pterostylis (Orchidaceae) section Oligochaetochilus ‘rufa group’ comprises several little studied and poorly collected taxa. We surveyed populations of rufa group in Sunset Country, collecting information on habitat vegetation community. Fourteen sites were for plants with affinities to P. biseta exelsa. measured 23 morphological traits each 31 field-col...