where ∆z denotes the distance traveled by a crest in the time interval t2 to t1 and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. The situation becomes more complicated when a pulse of light propagates through a dispersive optical medium. Via Fourier’s theorem, a pulse of duration τ comprises a range of frequencies. In a sense, a pulse can be thought of as resulting from constructive and destructive int...

Labour productivity has been continuously increasing since the days of spinningjenny to the modern day roto r frames. To visualize the spinning industry in the year 2000, the past and the present technologica l changes have been analyzed so as to assess their overall impact in terms of labour complement.. material handling, required operative skill and automation. The automation in textile indu...

With the ever-increasing demand for higher speeds and larger capacity brought about by rapid data growth on the Internet, interest in optical time division multiplexing has been growing rapidly in recent years due to its high speed and ability to overcome the “electronic bottleneck” offered by today’s electronic components. In contrast to WDM where multiplexing occurs in the frequency domain, O...

Major depression is a common, disabling, and often difficult-to-treat illness. Decades of research into the neurobiology and treatment of depression have greatly advanced our ability to manage this disorder. However, a number of challenges remain. A substantial number of depressed patients do not achieve full remission despite optimized treatment. For patients who do achieve resolution of sympt...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a life-long condition with a wide and varied range of symptoms which can have a profound impact on all aspects of a patient’s life including future plans, self-confidence, self-esteem, relationships, quality of life and employment prospects. living with ms can certainly be difficult and frustrating. over time, however, most people find ways to adapt and come to terms ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem. A third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only ~10% of infected individuals develop TB but there are 9 million TB cases with 1.5 million deaths annually. The standard prophylactic treatment regimens for latent TB infection take 3-9 months, and new cases of TB require at least 6 months of treatment wit...

For over two decades, researchers in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics have sought to discover principles that would allow computer systems to process natural languages such as English. This work has been pursued both to further the scientific goals of providing a framework for a computational theory of natural-language communication and to further the engineering goals of c...